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<p>Electrorefiner salt waste from pyroprocessing presents challenges due to its chloride-rich composition and radiological risks. This review evaluates vitrification as a durable immobilization pathway, with emphasis on iron phosphate glasses. Two dehalogenation precursors: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) are compared regarding reaction mechanisms, byproduct generation, salt loading, and process safety. ADP offers effective dechlorination but introduces complex gaseous byproducts, whereas H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> achieves higher waste loading with simpler emissions. Overall, phosphate-based vitrification demonstrates strong potential for scalable immobilization, supporting sustainable management of nuclear waste within advanced reactor cycles.</p>

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Phosphate-based vitrification strategies for electrorefiner salt waste management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Iheanyichukwu Ajoku,
  • Paul C. Ani

摘要

Electrorefiner salt waste from pyroprocessing presents challenges due to its chloride-rich composition and radiological risks. This review evaluates vitrification as a durable immobilization pathway, with emphasis on iron phosphate glasses. Two dehalogenation precursors: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are compared regarding reaction mechanisms, byproduct generation, salt loading, and process safety. ADP offers effective dechlorination but introduces complex gaseous byproducts, whereas H3PO4 achieves higher waste loading with simpler emissions. Overall, phosphate-based vitrification demonstrates strong potential for scalable immobilization, supporting sustainable management of nuclear waste within advanced reactor cycles.