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<p>The elemental profiles of rooibos leaves (green and fermented) and soil samples collected from a farm in the Cederberg Mountain range of South Africa’s Western Cape were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Mass fractions of As, Cd, and Pb in plant material were below the World Health Organization’s limits. Soil pollution and elemental enrichment were assessed using contamination and enrichment factors, revealing elevated mass fractions of Si, Zr, Hf, Br, and Cd. The transfer factor was used to evaluate metal translocation in the soil–plant system. Health risks were assessed based on calculated Target Hazard Quotients and the Hazard Index. Both indices were well below 1.0 for all elements, indicating that the consumption of rooibos tea containing the analyzed elements poses no significant threat to human health.</p>

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Elemental profile and health risk assessment of South African rooibos cultivated under ecological conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Inga Zinicovscaia,
  • Rikus le Roux,
  • Jacques Bezuidenhout,
  • Dmitrii Grozdov,
  • Nikita Yushin,
  • Konstantin Vergel

摘要

The elemental profiles of rooibos leaves (green and fermented) and soil samples collected from a farm in the Cederberg Mountain range of South Africa’s Western Cape were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Mass fractions of As, Cd, and Pb in plant material were below the World Health Organization’s limits. Soil pollution and elemental enrichment were assessed using contamination and enrichment factors, revealing elevated mass fractions of Si, Zr, Hf, Br, and Cd. The transfer factor was used to evaluate metal translocation in the soil–plant system. Health risks were assessed based on calculated Target Hazard Quotients and the Hazard Index. Both indices were well below 1.0 for all elements, indicating that the consumption of rooibos tea containing the analyzed elements poses no significant threat to human health.