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<p>Thermally-treated spent ion-exchange resins (OIXRs) were immobilized by mixing 1 wt% ash with a metakaolin geopolymer. Stable <sup>133</sup>Cs simulated <sup>137</sup>Cs. Year-long semi-dynamic leaching experiments at pH 12.5 monitored changes in pH, conductivity and dissolved ions. Na, Al, Si were rapidly released into solution and 32% of Cs leached within 28&#xa0;days. Ca uptake dominated, driving Na-Ca exchange and progressive N–A–S–H to C–A–S–H transformation. XRD, FE-SEM–EDX and <sup>27</sup>Al/<sup>29</sup>Si MAS-NMR showed depolymerization, Ca-rich precipitates and loss of tetrahedral Al. Despite 59% Cs loss after 1&#xa0;year, results demonstrate the matrix’s long-term chemical evolution and its promise as a sustainable OIXR wasteform.</p>

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Physicochemical evolution of a geopolymer wasteform for immobilizing thermally treated spent ion exchange resins: structural changes and cesium leachability

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Gianni F. Vettese,
  • Taavi Vierinen,
  • Laura Stefanini,
  • Kathleen A. Law,
  • You Cheng Khng,
  • Sami Hietala,
  • Juhani Virkanen,
  • Suvi Lamminmäki,
  • Tandré Oey,
  • Tapio Vehmas,
  • Matti Nieminen,
  • Jaana Laatikainen-Luntama,
  • Marianna Kemell,
  • Gareth T. W. Law

摘要

Thermally-treated spent ion-exchange resins (OIXRs) were immobilized by mixing 1 wt% ash with a metakaolin geopolymer. Stable 133Cs simulated 137Cs. Year-long semi-dynamic leaching experiments at pH 12.5 monitored changes in pH, conductivity and dissolved ions. Na, Al, Si were rapidly released into solution and 32% of Cs leached within 28 days. Ca uptake dominated, driving Na-Ca exchange and progressive N–A–S–H to C–A–S–H transformation. XRD, FE-SEM–EDX and 27Al/29Si MAS-NMR showed depolymerization, Ca-rich precipitates and loss of tetrahedral Al. Despite 59% Cs loss after 1 year, results demonstrate the matrix’s long-term chemical evolution and its promise as a sustainable OIXR wasteform.