<p>The present work investigated radionuclide concentrations and associated radiological parameters with hazard indices in 20 rock samples from various districts in Nepal, using a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$3''\times 3''$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mo>′</mo> <mo>′</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. The concentrations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{226}\hbox {Ra}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>226</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>Ra</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{232}\hbox {Th}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>232</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>Th</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{40}\hbox {K}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ranged from 3.1 ± 0.6 to 87.6 ± 2.0, 10.9 ± 0.8 to 114.2 ± 3.1, and 114.6 ± 3.6 to 669.6 ± 11.6 Bq <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\hbox {kg}^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>kg</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> respectively. Statistical analysis shows that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{226}\hbox {Ra}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>226</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>Ra</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{232}\hbox {Th}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>232</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>Th</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> exceed the UNSCEAR 2000 reported average value (32 and 45 Bq <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\hbox {kg}^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>kg</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), while <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$^{40}\hbox {K}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mn>40</mn> </mmultiscripts> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> remains below (420 Bq <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10967_2025_10154_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="34" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\hbox {kg}^{-1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>kg</mtext> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>). The higher activity suggests a specific study in these regions.</p>

Natural radionuclide concentrations in rock samples from central and far-western Nepal with associated radiological hazards

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年5月27日

查看全文

Devendra Raj Upadhyay,
Janak Raj Bhatta,
Bal Vikram Khatri,
Buddha Ram Shah,
Suffian Mohamad Tajudin,
Raju Khanal

摘要

The present work investigated radionuclide concentrations and associated radiological parameters with hazard indices in 20 rock samples from various districts in Nepal, using a $3''\times 3''$ $3^{''} \times 3^{''}$ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. The concentrations of $^{226}\hbox {Ra}$ $^{226} Ra$ , $^{232}\hbox {Th}$ $^{232} Th$ and $^{40}\hbox {K}$ $^{40} K$ ranged from 3.1 ± 0.6 to 87.6 ± 2.0, 10.9 ± 0.8 to 114.2 ± 3.1, and 114.6 ± 3.6 to 669.6 ± 11.6 Bq $\hbox {kg}^{-1}$ ${kg}^{- 1}$ respectively. Statistical analysis shows that $^{226}\hbox {Ra}$ $^{226} Ra$ and $^{232}\hbox {Th}$ $^{232} Th$ exceed the UNSCEAR 2000 reported average value (32 and 45 Bq $\hbox {kg}^{-1}$ ${kg}^{- 1}$ ), while $^{40}\hbox {K}$ $^{40} K$ remains below (420 Bq $\hbox {kg}^{-1}$ ${kg}^{- 1}$ ). The higher activity suggests a specific study in these regions.