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<p>Non-destructive testing (NDT) is important in determining the health and quality of industrial commodities and identifying illicit items or threats in security applications. Among various NDT techniques, X-ray backscattering has gained significant attention due to its one-sided geometric setup and its capability to image massive objects where access to both sides is not possible. However, there is a lack of recent literature reviews specifically focusing on X-ray backscattering. Therefore, this review aims to address the gap by comprehensively comparing different studies reported in recent years. The imaging techniques and&#xa0;X-ray backscatter system setup are also discussed, including source, detectors, and collimation designs. Some commonly used commercially available X-ray backscatter devices are also discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future directions within the current state-of-the-art.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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X-ray backscattering: design, applications, and prospects in non-destructive evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月19日

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  • A. M. Wajid,
  • M. R. Abdelnour,
  • A. Naz,
  • G. Liu,
  • Y. Wang,
  • Z. Li,
  • X. Li,
  • L. Zhang,
  • Z. Liu,
  • J. Liu

摘要

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is important in determining the health and quality of industrial commodities and identifying illicit items or threats in security applications. Among various NDT techniques, X-ray backscattering has gained significant attention due to its one-sided geometric setup and its capability to image massive objects where access to both sides is not possible. However, there is a lack of recent literature reviews specifically focusing on X-ray backscattering. Therefore, this review aims to address the gap by comprehensively comparing different studies reported in recent years. The imaging techniques and X-ray backscatter system setup are also discussed, including source, detectors, and collimation designs. Some commonly used commercially available X-ray backscatter devices are also discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future directions within the current state-of-the-art.

Graphical abstract