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<p>Bio-based polymers are achieving significant importance in today’s market. Keeping in view its global market value, the current research was performed on synthesis of cutin-reinforced polyurethane (PU) composites by using the mechanism of step-growth polymerization between polypropylene glycol (PPG) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Cutin was successfully extracted from apple peel and was induced in a PU matrix. 1,4-butane diol was added as chain extender for prepolymer’s extension and termination. A series consisting of five samples of PU biocomposites were prepared by varying the concentration of reinforcement from 1 to 5(%) in a systematic order. FTIR was done for the confirmation of successful linkages development in the polyurethane composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was done, which exhibited the thermal stability and thermal transition of the prepared composites. Mechanical behavior was investigated by using DMA which showed the improvement in storage modulus (Eʹ) with increasing reinforcement. Inhibition of biofilm was improved significantly with values of 34.6% and 33.5% for <i>K. pneumoniae and S. aureus</i>, respectively. Furthermore, all the prepared composites displayed minimal hemolytic activity below 9%, confirming the non-toxic effect on red blood cells. Water adsorption test showed that the hydrophobicity of the composites was increased with cutin concentration up to 8.34 ± 3.03%.</p>

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Structure–property relationships in cutin-reinforced polyurethane biocomposites with enhanced thermo-mechanical performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月1日

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  • Ameer Hamza,
  • Nadia Akram,
  • Khalid Mahmood Zia,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Akbar Ali,
  • Muhammad Shahbaz

摘要

Bio-based polymers are achieving significant importance in today’s market. Keeping in view its global market value, the current research was performed on synthesis of cutin-reinforced polyurethane (PU) composites by using the mechanism of step-growth polymerization between polypropylene glycol (PPG) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Cutin was successfully extracted from apple peel and was induced in a PU matrix. 1,4-butane diol was added as chain extender for prepolymer’s extension and termination. A series consisting of five samples of PU biocomposites were prepared by varying the concentration of reinforcement from 1 to 5(%) in a systematic order. FTIR was done for the confirmation of successful linkages development in the polyurethane composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was done, which exhibited the thermal stability and thermal transition of the prepared composites. Mechanical behavior was investigated by using DMA which showed the improvement in storage modulus (Eʹ) with increasing reinforcement. Inhibition of biofilm was improved significantly with values of 34.6% and 33.5% for K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, all the prepared composites displayed minimal hemolytic activity below 9%, confirming the non-toxic effect on red blood cells. Water adsorption test showed that the hydrophobicity of the composites was increased with cutin concentration up to 8.34 ± 3.03%.