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<p>In this work, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized via a bottom-up hydrothermal method and deposited onto ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) films to investigate their potential for photovoltaic encapsulation applications. The effects of CQD coating on both the smooth and rough surfaces of EVA films were systematically evaluated using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM–EDX, contact angle measurements, surface roughness analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Successful CQD deposition was confirmed by the appearance of characteristic D and G bands in the Raman spectra and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in the FTIR spectra, which contributed to enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Morphological analysis revealed that the surface morphology of EVA significantly influences CQD distribution: smoother EVA surfaces show a more uniform CQD coating, whereas rough surfaces exhibit partial aggregation. Optical analysis demonstrated that the CQD coating effectively enhances UV absorption while maintaining high visible transmittance. A reduction in the optical band gap and an increase in photoluminescence intensity, accompanied by a red-shifted emission, indicate effective luminescent down-shifting behavior. Thermal analysis further demonstrated improved thermal stability after CQD deposition. Overall, CQD-functionalized EVA films demonstrate strong potential for photovoltaic encapsulation applications.</p>

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Surface modification of EVA films with carbon quantum dots for photovoltaic encapsulant applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Nour El Houda Chehat,
  • Naima Doulache,
  • Samira Sali

摘要

In this work, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized via a bottom-up hydrothermal method and deposited onto ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) films to investigate their potential for photovoltaic encapsulation applications. The effects of CQD coating on both the smooth and rough surfaces of EVA films were systematically evaluated using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM–EDX, contact angle measurements, surface roughness analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Successful CQD deposition was confirmed by the appearance of characteristic D and G bands in the Raman spectra and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in the FTIR spectra, which contributed to enhanced surface hydrophilicity. Morphological analysis revealed that the surface morphology of EVA significantly influences CQD distribution: smoother EVA surfaces show a more uniform CQD coating, whereas rough surfaces exhibit partial aggregation. Optical analysis demonstrated that the CQD coating effectively enhances UV absorption while maintaining high visible transmittance. A reduction in the optical band gap and an increase in photoluminescence intensity, accompanied by a red-shifted emission, indicate effective luminescent down-shifting behavior. Thermal analysis further demonstrated improved thermal stability after CQD deposition. Overall, CQD-functionalized EVA films demonstrate strong potential for photovoltaic encapsulation applications.