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<p>Epoxy resin is widely used in various industries due to its excellent properties, but its high flammability poses significant safety risks. In this study, phosphomolybdic acid-intercalated zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides (PMo-LDHs) were synthesized via ionic column-supported intercalation co-precipitation and combined with an intumescent flame retardant system (IFRs) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and pentaerythritol (PER). The obtained PMo-LDHs/IFR hybrid was then incorporated into epoxy resin and cured with polyamide resin to form epoxy-polyamide resin (EP) composites. The resulting PMo-LDHs/IFR/EP composites were thoroughly characterized. With the addition of 2 wt% PMo-LDHs, the composite achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased by 39.1% compared to pure EP. Moreover, the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 73.7% and 75.6%, respectively. Analysis of the residual char indicated that the incorporation of PMo-LDHs enhanced the quality and stability of the char layer, effectively inhibiting flame spread and smoke release. This work provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance, environmentally friendly flame-retardant epoxy-polyamide composites with enhanced fire safety.</p>

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Synergistic flame retardancy and smoke suppression in epoxy composites enabled by phosphomolybdate-intercalated ldhs and an intumescent flame retardant system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Qiumei Deng,
  • Yi Sun,
  • Liping Yuan,
  • Jiajing Yu,
  • Youhua Fan,
  • Junyi Pi

摘要

Epoxy resin is widely used in various industries due to its excellent properties, but its high flammability poses significant safety risks. In this study, phosphomolybdic acid-intercalated zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides (PMo-LDHs) were synthesized via ionic column-supported intercalation co-precipitation and combined with an intumescent flame retardant system (IFRs) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and pentaerythritol (PER). The obtained PMo-LDHs/IFR hybrid was then incorporated into epoxy resin and cured with polyamide resin to form epoxy-polyamide resin (EP) composites. The resulting PMo-LDHs/IFR/EP composites were thoroughly characterized. With the addition of 2 wt% PMo-LDHs, the composite achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value increased by 39.1% compared to pure EP. Moreover, the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 73.7% and 75.6%, respectively. Analysis of the residual char indicated that the incorporation of PMo-LDHs enhanced the quality and stability of the char layer, effectively inhibiting flame spread and smoke release. This work provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance, environmentally friendly flame-retardant epoxy-polyamide composites with enhanced fire safety.