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<p>In this study, polyvinyl alcohol-methyl cellulose/silver-titanium dioxide (PVA–MC/Ag-TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanocomposite films were successfully prepared, and their structural, thermal, mechanical, dielectric, surface, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties were comprehensively investigated. FTIR analyses confirmed the polymer–nanoparticle interactions, while SEM and TEM images revealed the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles. XRD results confirmed the crystalline structure of TiO₂ in the anatase phase and the characteristic peak (111) of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). Thermal analysis results showed that thermal stability increased with TiO₂ addition. The activation energy (Ea) calculated by the Kissinger method increased from 91&#xa0;kJ/mol in the pure sample to 134&#xa0;kJ/mol in the 5% TiO<sub>2</sub> sample. In DSC analyses, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 58&#xa0;°C to 73&#xa0;°C. When mechanical properties were examined, the tensile strength increased from 18&#xa0;MPa to 46&#xa0;MPa, and the hardness increased from 21 Shore A to 47 Shore A. Dielectric analyses showed that the dielectric constant and AC conductivity increased with the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub>. In surface analyses, the water contact angle increased from 33.09° to 54.33°, while the total surface free energy decreased from 64.34 mN/m to 53.45 mN/m. According to photocatalytic results, the methylene blue decomposition efficiency under UV light was approximately 22% in the pure sample, while it reached 51% in the sample containing 5% TiO<sub>2</sub>. In antimicrobial analyses, inhibition zone diameters in the sample containing 5% TiO<sub>2</sub> were 14.23&#xa0;mm, 13.52&#xa0;mm, and 14.67&#xa0;mm for <i>E. coli</i>,<i> S. aureus</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that TiO₂-doped nanocomposite films exhibit improved multifunctional properties, including mechanical reinforcement, photocatalytic activity, and preliminary antimicrobial potential. These findings support the further development of the films for environmental and antimicrobial surface-related applications; however, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, nanoparticle-release, and long-term stability studies are required before biomedical applications can be considered.</p>

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Development of multifunctional PVA–MC/Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite films for environmental and biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • İbrahim Erol,
  • İbrahim İsmail,
  • Sıdıka Çetinkaya,
  • Ömer Hazman

摘要

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol-methyl cellulose/silver-titanium dioxide (PVA–MC/Ag-TiO2) nanocomposite films were successfully prepared, and their structural, thermal, mechanical, dielectric, surface, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties were comprehensively investigated. FTIR analyses confirmed the polymer–nanoparticle interactions, while SEM and TEM images revealed the homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles. XRD results confirmed the crystalline structure of TiO₂ in the anatase phase and the characteristic peak (111) of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs). Thermal analysis results showed that thermal stability increased with TiO₂ addition. The activation energy (Ea) calculated by the Kissinger method increased from 91 kJ/mol in the pure sample to 134 kJ/mol in the 5% TiO2 sample. In DSC analyses, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased from 58 °C to 73 °C. When mechanical properties were examined, the tensile strength increased from 18 MPa to 46 MPa, and the hardness increased from 21 Shore A to 47 Shore A. Dielectric analyses showed that the dielectric constant and AC conductivity increased with the addition of TiO2. In surface analyses, the water contact angle increased from 33.09° to 54.33°, while the total surface free energy decreased from 64.34 mN/m to 53.45 mN/m. According to photocatalytic results, the methylene blue decomposition efficiency under UV light was approximately 22% in the pure sample, while it reached 51% in the sample containing 5% TiO2. In antimicrobial analyses, inhibition zone diameters in the sample containing 5% TiO2 were 14.23 mm, 13.52 mm, and 14.67 mm for E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that TiO₂-doped nanocomposite films exhibit improved multifunctional properties, including mechanical reinforcement, photocatalytic activity, and preliminary antimicrobial potential. These findings support the further development of the films for environmental and antimicrobial surface-related applications; however, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, nanoparticle-release, and long-term stability studies are required before biomedical applications can be considered.