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<p>In the present study, S, S′-dibenzyl trithiocarbonate was synthesized and employed as a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the synthesis of polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) through RAFT polymerization. Subsequently, a chemically cross-linked Bromhexine-loaded hydrogel was fabricated from the synthesized PMAA by copolymerizing it with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker via free-radical crosslinking polymerization while simultaneously encapsulating the Bromhexine drug. The synthesized RAFT agent and PMAA were characterized using FT-IR and ¹H NMR analyses, while GPC, EDX, and SEM studies additionally confirmed the controlled polymer formation and morphology. Furthermore, the drug-loaded hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, and TGA techniques. The PMAA-based hydrogel exhibited significant pH-responsive amphiphilic behavior under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions. A maximum swelling ratio of 940%, drug loading efficiency of approximately 93%, and cumulative Bromhexine release of 86% at pH 7.4 within 48 h were achieved. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed RAFT-mediated hydrogel system for controlled and sustained drug delivery applications.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of pH-responsive amphiphilic hydrogel based drug vehicles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Anmol Kumar,
  • Shubhangi Pandey,
  • Aradhana Chaudhary,
  • Krishna Kumar,
  • S. Krishnamoorthi,
  • Kranthikumar Tungala

摘要

In the present study, S, S′-dibenzyl trithiocarbonate was synthesized and employed as a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the synthesis of polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) through RAFT polymerization. Subsequently, a chemically cross-linked Bromhexine-loaded hydrogel was fabricated from the synthesized PMAA by copolymerizing it with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate using N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker via free-radical crosslinking polymerization while simultaneously encapsulating the Bromhexine drug. The synthesized RAFT agent and PMAA were characterized using FT-IR and ¹H NMR analyses, while GPC, EDX, and SEM studies additionally confirmed the controlled polymer formation and morphology. Furthermore, the drug-loaded hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, and TGA techniques. The PMAA-based hydrogel exhibited significant pH-responsive amphiphilic behavior under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions. A maximum swelling ratio of 940%, drug loading efficiency of approximately 93%, and cumulative Bromhexine release of 86% at pH 7.4 within 48 h were achieved. These findings demonstrate the potential of the developed RAFT-mediated hydrogel system for controlled and sustained drug delivery applications.