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<p>Conductive poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites are of growing interest for applications that require electrostatic discharge (ESD) control combined with industrially scalable manufacturing. In this study, rigid PVC nanocomposites containing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by twin-screw melt extrusion followed by injection molding (solvent-free approach). The coupled effects of nanofiller type and concentration (1 and 3 wt%) on thermal, electrical, and morphological properties, alongside dynamic processing speeds (20, 30, and 40&#xa0;rpm) on mechanical performance, were systematically evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that both CNFs and CNTs improved the thermal stability of PVC, increasing the onset degradation temperature and char yield. Mechanical testing revealed that CNTs provided more effective reinforcement than CNFs, particularly at low loadings, leading to increased stiffness but reduced ductility, whereas PVC-CNFs nanocomposites exhibited more scattered mechanical behavior, due to limited dispersion. Electrical measurements indicated that all nanocomposites achieved functional properties within the electrostatically dissipative range (10⁹–10¹² Ω), with the PVC-CNTs nanocomposite showing lower resistivity than the PVC-CNFs based ones at 1 wt%. Crucially, increasing the filler loading to 3 wt% triggered a localized reduction in electrical performance, shifting the composites toward an insulating regime. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross-examinations systematically confirmed that this non-monotonic electrical reversal was driven by filler macro-agglomeration, interfacial micro-cracking, and processing-induced local shear degradation, while verifying a highly homogeneous CNTs dispersion at low contents. These findings establish that a low loading of 1 wt% serves as the microstructurally optimized threshold for rigid PVC ESD applications under industrial melt-compounding conditions, bypassing filler oversaturation.</p>

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Tailoring electrostatic dissipation in melt-extruded PVC nanocomposites via carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Judith Boronat Soler,
  • Cristina Pavon,
  • Juan Vicente Miguel Guillem,
  • Harrison de la Rosa-Ramírez

摘要

Conductive poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanocomposites are of growing interest for applications that require electrostatic discharge (ESD) control combined with industrially scalable manufacturing. In this study, rigid PVC nanocomposites containing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by twin-screw melt extrusion followed by injection molding (solvent-free approach). The coupled effects of nanofiller type and concentration (1 and 3 wt%) on thermal, electrical, and morphological properties, alongside dynamic processing speeds (20, 30, and 40 rpm) on mechanical performance, were systematically evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that both CNFs and CNTs improved the thermal stability of PVC, increasing the onset degradation temperature and char yield. Mechanical testing revealed that CNTs provided more effective reinforcement than CNFs, particularly at low loadings, leading to increased stiffness but reduced ductility, whereas PVC-CNFs nanocomposites exhibited more scattered mechanical behavior, due to limited dispersion. Electrical measurements indicated that all nanocomposites achieved functional properties within the electrostatically dissipative range (10⁹–10¹² Ω), with the PVC-CNTs nanocomposite showing lower resistivity than the PVC-CNFs based ones at 1 wt%. Crucially, increasing the filler loading to 3 wt% triggered a localized reduction in electrical performance, shifting the composites toward an insulating regime. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross-examinations systematically confirmed that this non-monotonic electrical reversal was driven by filler macro-agglomeration, interfacial micro-cracking, and processing-induced local shear degradation, while verifying a highly homogeneous CNTs dispersion at low contents. These findings establish that a low loading of 1 wt% serves as the microstructurally optimized threshold for rigid PVC ESD applications under industrial melt-compounding conditions, bypassing filler oversaturation.