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<p>Biodegradable iron scaffolds are attractive materials for temporary orthopedic implants, however, their slow corrosion rate limits clinical applicability. Herein, we introduce a simple surface-modification strategy to accelerate the degradation of open-cell iron foams by applying a thin thermoset glycerol–citrate (GCA) polyester coating. Iron foams were dip-coated with thin GCA layer and thermally cured at either 135&#xa0;°C (Fe-GCA-135) or 165&#xa0;°C (Fe-GCA-165). Structural and surface properties were evaluated using SEM, BET, XRD, and XPS analyses, while corrosion properties were assessed by potentiodynamic polarization in Hanks’ solution at 37&#xa0;°C. Antibacterial activity was examined against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> under direct-contact conditions using viable colony counts. The Fe-GCA-135 scaffold exhibited the highest corrosion rate (0.90&#xa0;mm·year⁻¹) and corrosion current density (0.077 µA·cm⁻²), indicating substantially accelerated degradation compared to bare iron (0.20&#xa0;mm·year⁻¹). A strong bactericidal effect was observed with more than an eight-log reduction in viable cells for both strains after 24&#xa0;h incubation. In contrast, Fe-GCA-165 showed a lower corrosion rate (0.61&#xa0;mm·year⁻¹) and reduced antibacterial activity (3–4 log reduction), consistent with a less uniform coating observed by SEM. This work demonstrates a bifunctional application of thermosetting GCA coatings on biodegradable iron foams, enabling simultaneous enhancement of degradation kinetics and intrinsic antibacterial protection which represents a promising approach toward next-generation bioresorbable iron implants.</p>

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Effect of glycerol-citrate polymer coating on structural, corrosion and antibacterial properties of biodegradable iron foam

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Radka Gorejová,
  • Tibor Sopčák,
  • Ján Macko,
  • Pavlina Jevinová,
  • Ondřej Čech,
  • Ľubomír Medvecký,
  • Renáta Oriňaková

摘要

Biodegradable iron scaffolds are attractive materials for temporary orthopedic implants, however, their slow corrosion rate limits clinical applicability. Herein, we introduce a simple surface-modification strategy to accelerate the degradation of open-cell iron foams by applying a thin thermoset glycerol–citrate (GCA) polyester coating. Iron foams were dip-coated with thin GCA layer and thermally cured at either 135 °C (Fe-GCA-135) or 165 °C (Fe-GCA-165). Structural and surface properties were evaluated using SEM, BET, XRD, and XPS analyses, while corrosion properties were assessed by potentiodynamic polarization in Hanks’ solution at 37 °C. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under direct-contact conditions using viable colony counts. The Fe-GCA-135 scaffold exhibited the highest corrosion rate (0.90 mm·year⁻¹) and corrosion current density (0.077 µA·cm⁻²), indicating substantially accelerated degradation compared to bare iron (0.20 mm·year⁻¹). A strong bactericidal effect was observed with more than an eight-log reduction in viable cells for both strains after 24 h incubation. In contrast, Fe-GCA-165 showed a lower corrosion rate (0.61 mm·year⁻¹) and reduced antibacterial activity (3–4 log reduction), consistent with a less uniform coating observed by SEM. This work demonstrates a bifunctional application of thermosetting GCA coatings on biodegradable iron foams, enabling simultaneous enhancement of degradation kinetics and intrinsic antibacterial protection which represents a promising approach toward next-generation bioresorbable iron implants.