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<p>Epoxy resin is inherently flammable, which limits its use in high-temperature applications, including the aerospace, automotive, and defense industries. Therefore, to develop flame-retardant epoxy nanocomposites, the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was modified with copper oxide, and the epoxy resin LY 5052 was reinforced with aluminum trihydroxide via a one-pot synthesis. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the fabricated nanocomposites were evaluated using the Underwriters Laboratories (UL-94) test, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Remarkably, the epoxy nanocomposite achieved a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 rating and a 37.3% LOI at a 0.5 wt% CuO-MWCNTs nanofiller concentration. The TGA study revealed significant improvements in thermal stability, including an increase in the maximum mass-loss temperature to 396.5 ℃ and a char yield of 44.7%. The findings suggest that CuO-modified MWCNTs and aluminum trihydroxide hybrid act as a promising, environmentally benign, novel flame-retardant system for epoxy resin. These nanocomposite materials, due to their low density, high performance, and dimensional stability, can be potentially used in the aerospace industry.</p>

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Synergistic effect of CuO-Coated CNTs on the flame retardancy of epoxy resin nanocomposites for aerospace applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

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  • Muhammad Altaf,
  • Muhammad Naeem Ahmed,
  • Anila Iqbal,
  • Arshad Ali Khan

摘要

Epoxy resin is inherently flammable, which limits its use in high-temperature applications, including the aerospace, automotive, and defense industries. Therefore, to develop flame-retardant epoxy nanocomposites, the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was modified with copper oxide, and the epoxy resin LY 5052 was reinforced with aluminum trihydroxide via a one-pot synthesis. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the fabricated nanocomposites were evaluated using the Underwriters Laboratories (UL-94) test, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Remarkably, the epoxy nanocomposite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and a 37.3% LOI at a 0.5 wt% CuO-MWCNTs nanofiller concentration. The TGA study revealed significant improvements in thermal stability, including an increase in the maximum mass-loss temperature to 396.5 ℃ and a char yield of 44.7%. The findings suggest that CuO-modified MWCNTs and aluminum trihydroxide hybrid act as a promising, environmentally benign, novel flame-retardant system for epoxy resin. These nanocomposite materials, due to their low density, high performance, and dimensional stability, can be potentially used in the aerospace industry.