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<p>In recent years, one of the most common problems in the oil industry is the high percentage of water-cut in wells that have been operated for a long time. To address this issue, considering the existing environmental conditions both technological and chemical methods applied for effective water shut off in the well-bottom zone. Given the pH medium’s, rock nature, temperature, and physicochemical parameters of formation water, the preparation and research of polymer-based plugging materials is crucial for the modern oil and gas industry. These compounds must undergo chemical transformation in formation conditions after injecting the pores. Additionally, the raw materials for these chemical reagents should be abundant, accessible, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Natural biopolymers are particularly attractive compared to synthetic polymers and are easily chemically modified, have a wide range of raw material sources, and are non-toxic. In the oil and gas industry, using biopolymers with minimal modification, instead of ultra-pure synthetic polymers, gives more effective results. The long-term stability of such gels under bottom-hole conditions largely depends on the structure of the formed gel network. The mechanical strength of the gel is governed by the nature of polymer crosslinking. These crosslinks may be physical or chemical in nature. It is well established that structures formed via covalent bonding or coordination interactions exhibit superior long-term stability. In this review, such systems are analyzed with respect to the nature of the crosslinking mechanisms.</p>

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A review on the stability of biopolymer-based in-situ gel systems for water shut-off: role of chemical crosslinking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Shamo Zokhrab Tapdiqov,
  • Kh. M. Ibrahimov,
  • D. B. Taghiyev

摘要

In recent years, one of the most common problems in the oil industry is the high percentage of water-cut in wells that have been operated for a long time. To address this issue, considering the existing environmental conditions both technological and chemical methods applied for effective water shut off in the well-bottom zone. Given the pH medium’s, rock nature, temperature, and physicochemical parameters of formation water, the preparation and research of polymer-based plugging materials is crucial for the modern oil and gas industry. These compounds must undergo chemical transformation in formation conditions after injecting the pores. Additionally, the raw materials for these chemical reagents should be abundant, accessible, non-toxic, and eco-friendly. Natural biopolymers are particularly attractive compared to synthetic polymers and are easily chemically modified, have a wide range of raw material sources, and are non-toxic. In the oil and gas industry, using biopolymers with minimal modification, instead of ultra-pure synthetic polymers, gives more effective results. The long-term stability of such gels under bottom-hole conditions largely depends on the structure of the formed gel network. The mechanical strength of the gel is governed by the nature of polymer crosslinking. These crosslinks may be physical or chemical in nature. It is well established that structures formed via covalent bonding or coordination interactions exhibit superior long-term stability. In this review, such systems are analyzed with respect to the nature of the crosslinking mechanisms.