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<p>Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have amassed considerable emphasis owing to their remarkable stimuli-responsive characteristics, including high strain recovery, low density, and tunable mechanical behaviour, making them exemplary for multifaceted applications. Consolidating SMPs with lattice structures has enhanced their performance by contributing exceptional energy absorption, efficiency and adaptability. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of additive manufacturing (AM) procedures specific to SMP lattices, highlighting the role of direct ink writing (DIW), fused deposition modelling (FDM), PolyJet 3D Printing, and Digital Light Processing (DLP) in accomplishing sophisticated and functional designs. The outcomes of critical variables such as material properties, manufacturing techniques and stimuli mechanisms on lattice efficiency are scrutinised in depth, with emphasis on performance metrics such as shape fixity ratio, and shape retention ratio, which determines the lattice’s proficiency to sustain its deformed and recovered structures respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of computational modelling, simulations, and artificial intelligence or machine learning in optimising and predicting SMP lattice behaviour has been studied. The review also analyses the plethora of functional applications of these lattices in robotics, aerospace, energy damping and biomedical devices, where their smart reconfigurable and lightweight characteristics are exceptionally important. This work underlines the transformative potential of SMP lattices and provides a roadmap for future advancements in AM and shape memory materials (SMMs), by addressing current challenges and identifying key research gaps.</p>

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Emerging trends in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer lattices: from properties to applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Kaustuv Mazumder,
  • Shruti Gupta,
  • Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

摘要

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have amassed considerable emphasis owing to their remarkable stimuli-responsive characteristics, including high strain recovery, low density, and tunable mechanical behaviour, making them exemplary for multifaceted applications. Consolidating SMPs with lattice structures has enhanced their performance by contributing exceptional energy absorption, efficiency and adaptability. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of additive manufacturing (AM) procedures specific to SMP lattices, highlighting the role of direct ink writing (DIW), fused deposition modelling (FDM), PolyJet 3D Printing, and Digital Light Processing (DLP) in accomplishing sophisticated and functional designs. The outcomes of critical variables such as material properties, manufacturing techniques and stimuli mechanisms on lattice efficiency are scrutinised in depth, with emphasis on performance metrics such as shape fixity ratio, and shape retention ratio, which determines the lattice’s proficiency to sustain its deformed and recovered structures respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of computational modelling, simulations, and artificial intelligence or machine learning in optimising and predicting SMP lattice behaviour has been studied. The review also analyses the plethora of functional applications of these lattices in robotics, aerospace, energy damping and biomedical devices, where their smart reconfigurable and lightweight characteristics are exceptionally important. This work underlines the transformative potential of SMP lattices and provides a roadmap for future advancements in AM and shape memory materials (SMMs), by addressing current challenges and identifying key research gaps.