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<p>Surface-modified zirconia (PCmZrO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were prepared by mixing propylene carbonate (PC) with nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> in methanol at PC/ZrO<sub>2</sub> weight ratios ranging from 5 to 40 wt%. PMMA/ZrO<sub>2</sub> and PMMA/PCmZrO<sub>2</sub> polymer nanocomposites were then fabricated via melt blending in a Haake Rheomix Lab mixer at 210&#xa0;°C for 6&#xa0;min (in which ZrO<sub>2</sub> content was fixed at 2.5 wt% for all samples). Melt flow index measurements showed that the processability of the nanocomposites increased with increasing PC/ZrO<sub>2</sub> ratio (or PC content). Notably, raising the PC/ZrO<sub>2</sub> ratio from 0 to 40 wt% improved both the elastic modulus and elongation at break of the PMMA/ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite. The elongation at break increased from 5.1 to 6.6%, while the elastic modulus rose from 1587&#xa0;MPa to a plateau value of around 1611&#xa0;MPa. The bending strength of the nanocomposites reached a maximum of 113&#xa0;MPa at a PC/ZrO<sub>2</sub> ratio of 20 wt%. DSC analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of PMMA/ZrO<sub>2</sub> remained nearly unchanged after PC modification of ZrO<sub>2</sub>. In contrast, DMTA revealed a slight increase in T<sub>g</sub> for PMMA/PCmZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites (115&#xa0;°C) compared with the PMMA/ZrO<sub>2</sub> sample (112&#xa0;°C), suggesting restricted molecular mobility due to interfacial interactions. FESEM observations confirmed that PC modification led to a more uniform dispersion of nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> in the PMMA matrix. Overall, surface modification of nano-ZrO<sub>2</sub> with 20 wt% of PC/ZrO<sub>2</sub> significantly enhanced the mechanical performance and processability of PMMA/ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites, while also providing a slight improvement in their thermal properties.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced mechanical, rheological and processing properties of PMMA nanocomposites with propylene carbonate-modified ZrO2 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Khuc Duong Huy,
  • Pham Thi Minh,
  • Le The Hoai,
  • Nguyen Dinh Anh Son,
  • Do Van Cong,
  • Nguyen Tuan Anh,
  • Ngo Xuan Luong,
  • Do Quang Tham

摘要

Surface-modified zirconia (PCmZrO2) nanoparticles were prepared by mixing propylene carbonate (PC) with nano-ZrO2 in methanol at PC/ZrO2 weight ratios ranging from 5 to 40 wt%. PMMA/ZrO2 and PMMA/PCmZrO2 polymer nanocomposites were then fabricated via melt blending in a Haake Rheomix Lab mixer at 210 °C for 6 min (in which ZrO2 content was fixed at 2.5 wt% for all samples). Melt flow index measurements showed that the processability of the nanocomposites increased with increasing PC/ZrO2 ratio (or PC content). Notably, raising the PC/ZrO2 ratio from 0 to 40 wt% improved both the elastic modulus and elongation at break of the PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposite. The elongation at break increased from 5.1 to 6.6%, while the elastic modulus rose from 1587 MPa to a plateau value of around 1611 MPa. The bending strength of the nanocomposites reached a maximum of 113 MPa at a PC/ZrO2 ratio of 20 wt%. DSC analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PMMA/ZrO2 remained nearly unchanged after PC modification of ZrO2. In contrast, DMTA revealed a slight increase in Tg for PMMA/PCmZrO2 nanocomposites (115 °C) compared with the PMMA/ZrO2 sample (112 °C), suggesting restricted molecular mobility due to interfacial interactions. FESEM observations confirmed that PC modification led to a more uniform dispersion of nano-ZrO2 in the PMMA matrix. Overall, surface modification of nano-ZrO2 with 20 wt% of PC/ZrO2 significantly enhanced the mechanical performance and processability of PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposites, while also providing a slight improvement in their thermal properties.

Graphical abstract