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<p>This study presents a surface modification strategy for inherently hydrophobic polyolefin nonwoven substrates via UV-induced grafting of hydrophilic polymers to enhance separator electrochemical performance. Three polymer systems were investigated: poly (acrylic acid) (PAA); a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) (D0.5E25); and a terpolymer of AA, PEGDA, and styrene (D0.5E25S10). Comprehensive characterization inclusive of FTIR spectroscopy, FESEM-EDX analysis, electrolyte uptake, and contact angle measurements revealed substantial alterations in the physicochemical properties. The modified polyolefin separators transitioned from a non-wetting state to exhibiting high electrolyte absorption capacities of 200–240%. When employed as separators in nickel–zinc (Ni–Zn) coin cells, D0.5E25 demonstrated enhanced cycling stability (17 cycles) and discharge capacity (374 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup>) compared to the PAA-modified separator (5 cycles and 290.4 mAh g⁻<sup>1</sup>), while the D0.5E25S10 separator further improved cycling stability to 55 cycles. Post-cycling analyses identified separator porosity and surface chemistry as key factors governing performance. Incorporation of higher molecular weight PEGDA in D0.5E25 produced membranes with reduced porosity, whereas the addition of styrene in D0.5E25S10 mitigated zincate deposition on the separator surface, contributing to improved cycling behaviour. Overall, this work establishes a facile and scalable surface modification approach for polyolefin nonwovens, demonstrating their potential as durable and high-performance separators for Ni–Zn alkaline battery applications.</p>

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Tailoring separator wettability and porosity via UV-Grafting to achieve stable nickel-zinc batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Yong Wen Chek,
  • Min Seok Cho,
  • Pui Kee Lee,
  • Bin Wang,
  • Desmond Teck-Chye Ang

摘要

This study presents a surface modification strategy for inherently hydrophobic polyolefin nonwoven substrates via UV-induced grafting of hydrophilic polymers to enhance separator electrochemical performance. Three polymer systems were investigated: poly (acrylic acid) (PAA); a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) (D0.5E25); and a terpolymer of AA, PEGDA, and styrene (D0.5E25S10). Comprehensive characterization inclusive of FTIR spectroscopy, FESEM-EDX analysis, electrolyte uptake, and contact angle measurements revealed substantial alterations in the physicochemical properties. The modified polyolefin separators transitioned from a non-wetting state to exhibiting high electrolyte absorption capacities of 200–240%. When employed as separators in nickel–zinc (Ni–Zn) coin cells, D0.5E25 demonstrated enhanced cycling stability (17 cycles) and discharge capacity (374 mAh g⁻1) compared to the PAA-modified separator (5 cycles and 290.4 mAh g⁻1), while the D0.5E25S10 separator further improved cycling stability to 55 cycles. Post-cycling analyses identified separator porosity and surface chemistry as key factors governing performance. Incorporation of higher molecular weight PEGDA in D0.5E25 produced membranes with reduced porosity, whereas the addition of styrene in D0.5E25S10 mitigated zincate deposition on the separator surface, contributing to improved cycling behaviour. Overall, this work establishes a facile and scalable surface modification approach for polyolefin nonwovens, demonstrating their potential as durable and high-performance separators for Ni–Zn alkaline battery applications.