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<p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with good strength but limited toughness and impact resistance; therefore, this study aimed to improve its mechanical, wear, and moisture resistance properties by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pellets and bamboo fiber (BF) powder. PLA-based composites containing TPU and varying amounts of bamboo fiber were fabricated and evaluated using mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, compression, impact and hardness), wear and water absorption analysis, and microstructural characterization through SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. Pure PLA exhibited the highest tensile strength of 45.09&#xa0;MPa and a DMA transition temperature of 57.89&#xa0;°C due to its semi-crystalline structure. However, the hybrid composites showed superior overall mechanical performance, achieving flexural strength of 79.23&#xa0;MPa, impact strength of 4.45&#xa0;kJ/m², compressive strength of 110.317&#xa0;MPa and hardness of 77 Shore A. TPU enhanced flexibility and energy absorption, while bamboo fibers improved stiffness and load-bearing capability, leading to improved impact resistance, strength, and surface hardness. The PTBF3 composite also showed improved wear resistance (76, 272, and 329&#xa0;μm at loads of 5&#xa0;N, 10&#xa0;N, and 15&#xa0;N) and reduced water absorption of 2.19% with 20 wt% TPU due to better dispersion and a denser composite structure. Overall, PLA/TPU/bamboo fiber composites exhibit enhanced mechanical durability, wear resistance, and moisture stability, making them suitable for applications in automotive, drone, marine, and biomedical components.</p>

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Performance and fracture analysis of 3D-printed PLA/TPU composites reinforced with powdered bamboo fibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • R. Subaash,
  • J. Jeevamalar,
  • A. Elayaperumal

摘要

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with good strength but limited toughness and impact resistance; therefore, this study aimed to improve its mechanical, wear, and moisture resistance properties by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pellets and bamboo fiber (BF) powder. PLA-based composites containing TPU and varying amounts of bamboo fiber were fabricated and evaluated using mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, compression, impact and hardness), wear and water absorption analysis, and microstructural characterization through SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. Pure PLA exhibited the highest tensile strength of 45.09 MPa and a DMA transition temperature of 57.89 °C due to its semi-crystalline structure. However, the hybrid composites showed superior overall mechanical performance, achieving flexural strength of 79.23 MPa, impact strength of 4.45 kJ/m², compressive strength of 110.317 MPa and hardness of 77 Shore A. TPU enhanced flexibility and energy absorption, while bamboo fibers improved stiffness and load-bearing capability, leading to improved impact resistance, strength, and surface hardness. The PTBF3 composite also showed improved wear resistance (76, 272, and 329 μm at loads of 5 N, 10 N, and 15 N) and reduced water absorption of 2.19% with 20 wt% TPU due to better dispersion and a denser composite structure. Overall, PLA/TPU/bamboo fiber composites exhibit enhanced mechanical durability, wear resistance, and moisture stability, making them suitable for applications in automotive, drone, marine, and biomedical components.