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<p>This study investigates the feasibility of using hot air convection for melting and blending polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) into a sustainable composite matrix material. A 75:25 weight ratio of PP to PLA was processed through a hot air convection heating method, followed by multiple recycling cycles (R1–R4) to evaluate reusability. Mechanical testing revealed that tensile strength improved up to the second recycling (R2), reaching 14.86&#xa0;MPa, with a tensile modulus of 0.23 GPa. Flexural strength peaked at 28.65&#xa0;MPa with a flexural modulus of 1.18 GPa, and impact strength reached 0.82&#xa0;kJ/m². Porosity increased progressively from 0.09% to 2.79%, correlating with reduced mechanical performance beyond R2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization confirmed the preservation of chemical bonds after recycling. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results indicated thermal stability up to 300&#xa0;°C, with a two-stage decomposition typical of PP and PLA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed consistent melting behaviour, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed increased voids and microstructural degradation after repeated cycles. These results support the viability of PP/PLA blends for sustainable composite matrix materials in structural and additive manufacturing applications, with optimal performance maintained up to the second recycling stage.</p>

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Comprehensive material, thermal, and physical characterization of multistage recycling of PP/PLA polymers for sustainable composite matrix development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Haris Ardianto,
  • Jamasri Jamasri,
  • Dinny Harnany,
  • Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun

摘要

This study investigates the feasibility of using hot air convection for melting and blending polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) into a sustainable composite matrix material. A 75:25 weight ratio of PP to PLA was processed through a hot air convection heating method, followed by multiple recycling cycles (R1–R4) to evaluate reusability. Mechanical testing revealed that tensile strength improved up to the second recycling (R2), reaching 14.86 MPa, with a tensile modulus of 0.23 GPa. Flexural strength peaked at 28.65 MPa with a flexural modulus of 1.18 GPa, and impact strength reached 0.82 kJ/m². Porosity increased progressively from 0.09% to 2.79%, correlating with reduced mechanical performance beyond R2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization confirmed the preservation of chemical bonds after recycling. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results indicated thermal stability up to 300 °C, with a two-stage decomposition typical of PP and PLA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed consistent melting behaviour, while Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging revealed increased voids and microstructural degradation after repeated cycles. These results support the viability of PP/PLA blends for sustainable composite matrix materials in structural and additive manufacturing applications, with optimal performance maintained up to the second recycling stage.