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<p>Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) often compromises its mechanical properties. This study introduced an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and preserve mechanical performance by incorporating glass fibers (GF) as reinforcement and introducing a ball-milled ternary flame retardant system composed of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DB), antimony trioxide (AO), and layered double hydroxide (LDH). The PP-based composites were fabricated using melt extrusion compounding followed by compression molding. This work focused on optimizing the flame-retardant formulation and comprehensively evaluating the microstructural morphology, flame-retardant behavior, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results indicate that LDH partially substitutes the conventional DB-AO system by decomposing to absorb heat, releasing non-combustible gases, and forming protective metal oxide layers during combustion. Additionally, LDH effectively captures hydrogen bromide (HBr) released from DB decomposition, thereby enhancing flame-retardant efficiency and mitigating environmental concerns through delayed bromine emission. The incorporation of the DB-AO-LDH system led to a 27.0% reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 33.7% increase in the fire performance index (FPI). Furthermore, ball milling was found to significantly improve the dispersion and exfoliation of LDH, promoting strong electrostatic interactions among the flame retardant components and enhancing their synergistic performance. Notably, the ball-milled DB-AO-LDH system imparted excellent flame retardancy to GF-reinforced PP at a loading below 15 wt%, achieving a UL-94&#xa0;V-0 classification without compromising its mechanical integrity.</p>

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Synergistic flame retardancy of layered double hydroxide and decabromodiphenyl ethane in glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Xin-Yi He,
  • Zhen-Yan Hu,
  • Chun-Xue Wang,
  • Alaaddin M. M. Saeed,
  • Shao-Kang Qian,
  • Qi-Jia Zhang,
  • Gui-Ping Cao

摘要

Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) often compromises its mechanical properties. This study introduced an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance flame retardancy and preserve mechanical performance by incorporating glass fibers (GF) as reinforcement and introducing a ball-milled ternary flame retardant system composed of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DB), antimony trioxide (AO), and layered double hydroxide (LDH). The PP-based composites were fabricated using melt extrusion compounding followed by compression molding. This work focused on optimizing the flame-retardant formulation and comprehensively evaluating the microstructural morphology, flame-retardant behavior, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the composites. The results indicate that LDH partially substitutes the conventional DB-AO system by decomposing to absorb heat, releasing non-combustible gases, and forming protective metal oxide layers during combustion. Additionally, LDH effectively captures hydrogen bromide (HBr) released from DB decomposition, thereby enhancing flame-retardant efficiency and mitigating environmental concerns through delayed bromine emission. The incorporation of the DB-AO-LDH system led to a 27.0% reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 33.7% increase in the fire performance index (FPI). Furthermore, ball milling was found to significantly improve the dispersion and exfoliation of LDH, promoting strong electrostatic interactions among the flame retardant components and enhancing their synergistic performance. Notably, the ball-milled DB-AO-LDH system imparted excellent flame retardancy to GF-reinforced PP at a loading below 15 wt%, achieving a UL-94 V-0 classification without compromising its mechanical integrity.