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<p>In this study, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) microcapsules encapsulating bendiocarb were successfully prepared by interfacial polymerization for sustainable mosquito control. A high encapsulation efficiency of 94% was achieved by systematically optimizing the emulsifier concentration (2% PVA), core-wall ratio (1:2), reaction temperature (50&#xa0;°C), and reaction time (6&#xa0;h). Comprehensive characterization confirmed the uniform spherical morphology (particle size 1–3&#xa0;μm), core-shell structure, and thermal stability of the microcapsules. Importantly, a core-wall ratio threshold of 2:1 was determined: microcapsules with core-wall ratio ≤ 2:1 have a dense cross-linked network that provides dual core protection (physical barrier + thermal dissipation; initial decomposition temperature T₀ ≥ 163&#xa0;°C), while core-wall ratio &gt; 2:1 lead to shell discontinuities and thermal channeling (T₀ ≤ 145&#xa0;°C), and the protective effect of the walls on the core is lost. Long-term efficacy of the microencapsulated fabrics was demonstrated by bioassays: 27% residual drug retention after 20 washes and the drug residue after 28 days of cumulative release (at a constant temperature of 40&#xa0;°C) was 30.8%. This study presents a promising strategy for the targeted application of insecticides. By achieving sustained release and enhanced washing resistance, the developed microcapsule system demonstrates potential for ecological benefits through reduced insecticide leaching and extended efficacy, aligning with the goals of sustainable vector control.</p>

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Preparation and characterization of polyurethane microcapsules for controlled release of bendiocarb

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Wulin Xia,
  • Yan Liu,
  • Haitao Zhou,
  • Chao Zheng,
  • Wenjie Yin,
  • Tianhao Lu,
  • Binjie Xin

摘要

In this study, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) microcapsules encapsulating bendiocarb were successfully prepared by interfacial polymerization for sustainable mosquito control. A high encapsulation efficiency of 94% was achieved by systematically optimizing the emulsifier concentration (2% PVA), core-wall ratio (1:2), reaction temperature (50 °C), and reaction time (6 h). Comprehensive characterization confirmed the uniform spherical morphology (particle size 1–3 μm), core-shell structure, and thermal stability of the microcapsules. Importantly, a core-wall ratio threshold of 2:1 was determined: microcapsules with core-wall ratio ≤ 2:1 have a dense cross-linked network that provides dual core protection (physical barrier + thermal dissipation; initial decomposition temperature T₀ ≥ 163 °C), while core-wall ratio > 2:1 lead to shell discontinuities and thermal channeling (T₀ ≤ 145 °C), and the protective effect of the walls on the core is lost. Long-term efficacy of the microencapsulated fabrics was demonstrated by bioassays: 27% residual drug retention after 20 washes and the drug residue after 28 days of cumulative release (at a constant temperature of 40 °C) was 30.8%. This study presents a promising strategy for the targeted application of insecticides. By achieving sustained release and enhanced washing resistance, the developed microcapsule system demonstrates potential for ecological benefits through reduced insecticide leaching and extended efficacy, aligning with the goals of sustainable vector control.