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<p>Green technology innovation requires integrating highly dispersed knowledge across multiple technical domains, yet how institutional arrangements alter firms’ knowledge acquisition structures to advance green innovation remains insufficiently understood. Drawing on panel data from Chinese A-share manufacturing listed firms spanning 2013–2023, this paper adopts the exploration-exploitation duality as its organizing framework and exploits the staggered establishment of national technology transfer demonstration institutions across regions to estimate the effect of technology transfer policy on firms’ green technology innovation. The policy is associated with an increase in green invention patent applications. It widens the breadth of firms’ patent portfolios across IPC classifications by activating cross-domain exploration, and it deepens resource concentration along core green technological trajectories through focused exploitation. Which process carries the effect depends on a firm’s knowledge distance from the green technology domain. Firms whose knowledge bases are distant from green technology benefit mainly through the exploration channel, whereas firms with an established green foundation gain more through exploitation, so that policy and firm knowledge structure fall into a selective match. Policy effectiveness is also stronger in regions with denser knowledge networks, indicating that regional knowledge ecology shapes how far technology transfer institutions can activate either process. These findings suggest that technology transfer platforms work less as direct providers of resources than as restructurers of the knowledge firms acquire, and they offer reference value for other emerging economies and for the platforms themselves when knowledge-based green innovation policy is being designed.</p>

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Platforms as knowledge restructurers: technology transfer policy, exploration-exploitation dynamics, and firms’ green innovation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Xue Lei,
  • Shoukat Iqbal Khattak,
  • Abroon Qazi,
  • M. K. S. Al-Mhdawi

摘要

Green technology innovation requires integrating highly dispersed knowledge across multiple technical domains, yet how institutional arrangements alter firms’ knowledge acquisition structures to advance green innovation remains insufficiently understood. Drawing on panel data from Chinese A-share manufacturing listed firms spanning 2013–2023, this paper adopts the exploration-exploitation duality as its organizing framework and exploits the staggered establishment of national technology transfer demonstration institutions across regions to estimate the effect of technology transfer policy on firms’ green technology innovation. The policy is associated with an increase in green invention patent applications. It widens the breadth of firms’ patent portfolios across IPC classifications by activating cross-domain exploration, and it deepens resource concentration along core green technological trajectories through focused exploitation. Which process carries the effect depends on a firm’s knowledge distance from the green technology domain. Firms whose knowledge bases are distant from green technology benefit mainly through the exploration channel, whereas firms with an established green foundation gain more through exploitation, so that policy and firm knowledge structure fall into a selective match. Policy effectiveness is also stronger in regions with denser knowledge networks, indicating that regional knowledge ecology shapes how far technology transfer institutions can activate either process. These findings suggest that technology transfer platforms work less as direct providers of resources than as restructurers of the knowledge firms acquire, and they offer reference value for other emerging economies and for the platforms themselves when knowledge-based green innovation policy is being designed.