Directed technical change and renewable energies: policy incentives to promote solar innovations
摘要
This paper examines how policy incentives and relative price signals are associated with firm-level solar photovoltaic (PV) innovation. Building on the induced innovation and directed technical change traditions, we analyze biadic patent applications—defined as inventions protected both in Europe and in at least one major non-European jurisdiction for 12 European countries over 1980–2015. We estimate Poisson models to assess how electricity prices, R&D support, public direct investments, feed-in tariffs and financial support to consumers affect patent application in solar PV technology. Considering both intensive and extensive margin, our empirical results provide strong support for induced innovation and directed technical change mechanisms at the firm level.