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<p>Economic development has long depended on innovation and science, whose importance has increased under current geopolitical instability and growing global uncertainty. Additionally, issues of systemic security have gained prominence after years of being underestimated. This paper examines the role of science and innovation in the context of systemic security and economic stability in the EU-27 countries. The main objective was to assess the significance of these factors for sustainable economic development. The research methodology was based on three dimensions, science, security, and economic stability, described by 22 sub-indicators. Integrated indices for each dimension were calculated using the TOPSIS method, enabling the ranking of EU-27 countries. Subsequently, a synthetic index of integrated development (S4 Index) was developed, with weights determined using the AHP method. Based on the index values, countries were classified into four development groups. Relationships between the analyzed dimensions were examined using non-parametric Spearman’s and Kendall’s tests. The results indicate substantial disparities among EU-27 countries despite long-standing integration. Luxembourg, Sweden, Denmark, and Ireland achieved the highest scores, supported by strong R&amp;D investment, institutional stability, and robust economic foundations. Austria, the Netherlands, and Finland also performed well, while Romania, Greece, Poland, and Hungary ranked lowest. The proposed methodology and findings may support EU institutions and national governments in shaping policies aimed at strengthening innovation-driven, secure, and stable economic development.</p>

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Towards a secure and innovative Europe: evidence-based insights on development divergence in the EU-27

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月31日

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  • Magdalena Tutak,
  • Jarosław Brodny

摘要

Economic development has long depended on innovation and science, whose importance has increased under current geopolitical instability and growing global uncertainty. Additionally, issues of systemic security have gained prominence after years of being underestimated. This paper examines the role of science and innovation in the context of systemic security and economic stability in the EU-27 countries. The main objective was to assess the significance of these factors for sustainable economic development. The research methodology was based on three dimensions, science, security, and economic stability, described by 22 sub-indicators. Integrated indices for each dimension were calculated using the TOPSIS method, enabling the ranking of EU-27 countries. Subsequently, a synthetic index of integrated development (S4 Index) was developed, with weights determined using the AHP method. Based on the index values, countries were classified into four development groups. Relationships between the analyzed dimensions were examined using non-parametric Spearman’s and Kendall’s tests. The results indicate substantial disparities among EU-27 countries despite long-standing integration. Luxembourg, Sweden, Denmark, and Ireland achieved the highest scores, supported by strong R&D investment, institutional stability, and robust economic foundations. Austria, the Netherlands, and Finland also performed well, while Romania, Greece, Poland, and Hungary ranked lowest. The proposed methodology and findings may support EU institutions and national governments in shaping policies aimed at strengthening innovation-driven, secure, and stable economic development.