IMPACT OF EINSTEIN VISCOSITY ON BLOOD FLOW THROUGH MULTIPLE STENOSED ARTERY
摘要
Repetition of arterial stenosis significantly disrupts normal hemodynamics and serves as a critical factor in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, markedly elevating the risk of hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction. This research incorporates Einstein’s viscosity into the cylindrical form of the Navier-Stokes equations in polar coordinates to investigate the behavior of blood flow in arteries with multiple stenoses, assuming steady, incompressible flow along the axial direction. Under physiologically relevant boundary conditions, the model investigates the influence of parameters such as the number of stenoses, effective viscosity, hematocrit levels, radial position, and stenosis locations on blood flow dynamics. Key hemodynamic indicators, including velocity profiles, volumetric flow rate, pressure drop ratio, and shear stress ratio, are evaluated with respect to variations in viscosity, stenosis severity, hematocrit concentration, and axial positions of the stenoses. Model validation against existing studies shows strong agreement. The results reveal that increases in blood viscosity, hematocrit concentration, and stenosis severity, as well as the axial positions of the stenoses, lead to a reduction in flow velocity and volumetric flow rate, thereby elevating cardiac workload and posing a risk of mechanical damage to adjacent vascular structures. Moreover, the observed positive correlation between the pressure drop ratio and the shear stress ratio highlights an increased likelihood of thrombogenesis, emphasizing the clinical relevance of these hemodynamic alterations in the context of cardiovascular disease progression. This research offers insights into blood flow dynamics in stenosed arteries, with potential applications in bioengineering, surgical planning, and biomathematics, and highlights the importance of further research to improve our understanding of these mechanisms and their health impacts.