<p>Let us consider a&#xa0;family <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of convex quadrangles in the plane with given angles <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta \}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and with the perimeter <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2\pi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Such a&#xa0;quadrangle <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q\in F(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be considered as a&#xa0;point <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)\in \mathbb {R}^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>4</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are lengths of edges. Then to&#xa0;<i>F</i> there corresponds a&#xa0;finite open segment <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I\subset \mathbb {R}^4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A&#xa0;quadrangle in&#xa0;<i>F</i> that corresponds to the midpoint of <i>I</i> is called a&#xa0;balanced quadrangle. Let <i>M</i> be the set of balanced quadrangles. The function <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f:M\rightarrow M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined in the following way: angles of the balanced quadrangle&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q'\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q'=f(Q)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, are numerically equal to edges of&#xa0;<i>Q</i>. The map&#xa0;<i>f</i> defines a&#xa0;dynamical system in the space of balanced quadrangles. In this work, we study properties of this system.</p>

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A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM IN THE SPACE OF CONVEX QUADRANGLES

  • Yu. Yu. Kochetkov

摘要

Let us consider a family \(F(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta )\) F ( α , β , γ , δ ) of convex quadrangles in the plane with given angles \(\{\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta \}\) { α , β , γ , δ } and with the perimeter \(2\pi \) 2 π . Such a quadrangle \(Q\in F(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta )\) Q F ( α , β , γ , δ ) can be considered as a point \((x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4)\in \mathbb {R}^4\) ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ) R 4 , where \(\{x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4\}\) { x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 } are lengths of edges. Then to F there corresponds a finite open segment \(I\subset \mathbb {R}^4\) I R 4 . A quadrangle in F that corresponds to the midpoint of I is called a balanced quadrangle. Let M be the set of balanced quadrangles. The function \(f:M\rightarrow M\) f : M M is defined in the following way: angles of the balanced quadrangle  \(Q'\) Q , \(Q'=f(Q)\) Q = f ( Q ) , are numerically equal to edges of Q. The map f defines a dynamical system in the space of balanced quadrangles. In this work, we study properties of this system.