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<p>This study investigates an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of TX-100, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and their salt mixtures at 298 K. Binodal curves, tie-lines, tie-line lengths (TLL), and slopes (TLS) were determined as key equilibrium parameters. The effects of salt mixtures and their salting-out capacities were systematically compared, revealing that sodium cations (Na<sup>+</sup>) exhibit stronger salting-out power than potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), consistent with prior literature whether evaluated as individual salts or mixed systems. The obtained binodal and liquid–liquid equilibrium data were further correlated using the Othmer-Tobias, Bancroft, and Setschenow models. Notably, the Bancroft and Setschenow equations demonstrated excellent agreement with the results, while the Othmer-Tobias model showed deviations. These findings provide insights into phase behavior and ion-specific effects in ATPS, with potential applications in separation processes and biomolecule purification.</p>

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Salt Mixtures Effect on Aqueous Two-Phase System Composed of Triton X-100 as a Nonionic Surfactant: Experiment and Correlation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月18日

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  • Hossein Dashti Khavidaki,
  • Nasim Beiranvand,
  • Alireza Salabat

摘要

This study investigates an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of TX-100, Na2CO3, K2CO3, and their salt mixtures at 298 K. Binodal curves, tie-lines, tie-line lengths (TLL), and slopes (TLS) were determined as key equilibrium parameters. The effects of salt mixtures and their salting-out capacities were systematically compared, revealing that sodium cations (Na+) exhibit stronger salting-out power than potassium (K+), consistent with prior literature whether evaluated as individual salts or mixed systems. The obtained binodal and liquid–liquid equilibrium data were further correlated using the Othmer-Tobias, Bancroft, and Setschenow models. Notably, the Bancroft and Setschenow equations demonstrated excellent agreement with the results, while the Othmer-Tobias model showed deviations. These findings provide insights into phase behavior and ion-specific effects in ATPS, with potential applications in separation processes and biomolecule purification.