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<p>The needle-like morphology of current 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene crystals limits their practical application due to low bulk density and poor flowability. Cooling recrystallization from nitric acid–water mixtures could improve crystal habit, but solubility data in this strongly oxidizing medium are lacking. Here, the solubility of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene in binary nitric acid–water mixtures was measured from 298.15&#xa0;K to 338.15&#xa0;K using the laser dynamic method. Solubility increases with both temperature and acid concentration. Five thermodynamic models (modified Apelblat, van’t Hoff, Yaws, CNIBS/R‑K, and <i>λh</i> equation) were applied, all giving good fits. van’t Hoff analysis indicates endothermic, entropy‑driven dissolution. Using the solubility data, cooling recrystallization successfully produced 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene crystals with significantly improved short‑rod or block‑like morphologies. This work fills a critical solubility data gap and demonstrates integrated solubility–modeling–morphology control in a strongly oxidizing solvent system.</p>

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Crystallization Thermodynamics of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene in Nitric Acid + Water Binary Mixed Solvent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Bo Wang,
  • Jian-xun Chen,
  • Yun-tao Xiong,
  • Jun Chen,
  • Hong-xia Pan,
  • Li-zhen Chen,
  • Jian-long Wang

摘要

The needle-like morphology of current 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene crystals limits their practical application due to low bulk density and poor flowability. Cooling recrystallization from nitric acid–water mixtures could improve crystal habit, but solubility data in this strongly oxidizing medium are lacking. Here, the solubility of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene in binary nitric acid–water mixtures was measured from 298.15 K to 338.15 K using the laser dynamic method. Solubility increases with both temperature and acid concentration. Five thermodynamic models (modified Apelblat, van’t Hoff, Yaws, CNIBS/R‑K, and λh equation) were applied, all giving good fits. van’t Hoff analysis indicates endothermic, entropy‑driven dissolution. Using the solubility data, cooling recrystallization successfully produced 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene crystals with significantly improved short‑rod or block‑like morphologies. This work fills a critical solubility data gap and demonstrates integrated solubility–modeling–morphology control in a strongly oxidizing solvent system.