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<p>In this study, the density, refractive index and boiling point of salt/water binaries (NaCl/water, KCl/water, K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/water and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>/water) were experimentally measured at atmospheric pressure (1&#xa0;bar). The density of the binaries was measured at ambient temperatures, ranging from 291to 299&#xa0;K, using a calibrated glass pycnometer; the refractive index at the sodium D-line was measured at temperatures from 298 to 333&#xa0;K using Abbe-type refractometer; and, the normal boiling point was measured using an ebulliometer equipped with a Cottrell pump and a platinum resistance thermometer. All the measured data was compared with data available in the literature and correlated for checking consistency and reliability. All the measured data is reported in the Appendix, and all the literature data sources are cited in this manuscript. Two simple correlations for the calculation of the density and refractive index, respectively, of the salt/water binaries were developed. The two correlations use salt and water specific parameters, fitted to the measured data, as well as the salt content as inputs. These correlations are simple to use for calculations and do not require iterative solving procedures. The measured normal boiling points were correlated using the electrolyte version of the UNIQUAC (<i>e</i>UNIQUAC) model with model parameters adjusted to fit the data. The <i>e</i>UNIQUAC parameters adjusted in this study are not significantly different from those reported elsewhere. These parameters are reported in the Supporting Information.</p>

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Experimental Determination of Density, Refractive Index and Boiling Point of the Binaries NaCl/water, KCl/water, K2CO3/water and Na2CO3/water at Atmospheric Pressure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Omid Hosseini,
  • Francisco Ramos-Pallares

摘要

In this study, the density, refractive index and boiling point of salt/water binaries (NaCl/water, KCl/water, K2CO3/water and Na2CO3/water) were experimentally measured at atmospheric pressure (1 bar). The density of the binaries was measured at ambient temperatures, ranging from 291to 299 K, using a calibrated glass pycnometer; the refractive index at the sodium D-line was measured at temperatures from 298 to 333 K using Abbe-type refractometer; and, the normal boiling point was measured using an ebulliometer equipped with a Cottrell pump and a platinum resistance thermometer. All the measured data was compared with data available in the literature and correlated for checking consistency and reliability. All the measured data is reported in the Appendix, and all the literature data sources are cited in this manuscript. Two simple correlations for the calculation of the density and refractive index, respectively, of the salt/water binaries were developed. The two correlations use salt and water specific parameters, fitted to the measured data, as well as the salt content as inputs. These correlations are simple to use for calculations and do not require iterative solving procedures. The measured normal boiling points were correlated using the electrolyte version of the UNIQUAC (eUNIQUAC) model with model parameters adjusted to fit the data. The eUNIQUAC parameters adjusted in this study are not significantly different from those reported elsewhere. These parameters are reported in the Supporting Information.