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<p>The absence of a standardized magnitude determination framework in China’s coal mine microseismic (MS) monitoring networks has led to substantial discrepancies in magnitude estimates across different mines, as well as systematic deviations from the magnitudes reported by the China Earthquake Networks. These inconsistencies arise primarily from inconsistent methodologies, the complex high-frequency wave propagation characteristics and inappropriate application of regional attenuation models to near-field MS data. Together, these issues undermine the comparability, reliability, and practical utility of MS monitoring results. To address this challenge, we propose a unified magnitude calibration framework specifically designed for coal mine MS monitoring in China, with the goal of aligning MS magnitude estimates with national seismic standards. Based on data from 29 controlled underground blasting experiments conducted at four geologically distinct coal mines using hybrid monitoring networks (surface and underground sensors), we derived site-specific high-resolution calibration functions and calculated the corresponding event magnitudes. Our results revealed that while surface stations exhibit stable attenuation characteristics, underground propagation paths vary significantly between sites. Importantly, vertical component amplitudes showed equivalent reliability to horizontal components, enabling simplified processing approaches. For mines where blasting experiments were unfeasible, empirical average attenuation models were developed based on observational data from four coal mines. Finally, application of the model to a mining-induced high-energy event demonstrated improved magnitude consistency and largely eliminated systematic distance-dependent bias. These findings support the integration of the newly developed magnitude scales into existing mining-induced seismic monitoring systems, which can be calibrated through localized data accumulation. This integration systematically enhances monitoring effectiveness across two critical dimensions—disaster assessment accuracy and early warning timeliness—specifically tailored to address the prevention and control demands of rockbursts and other mining-induced seismic events.</p>

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Standardizing microseismic magnitude determination for near-field microseismic monitoring in Chinese coal mines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Zibo Wang,
  • Haichen Yin,
  • Ruifeng Liu,
  • Zan Li,
  • Qinying Wang,
  • Min Zhu,
  • Yixiao Zhang

摘要

The absence of a standardized magnitude determination framework in China’s coal mine microseismic (MS) monitoring networks has led to substantial discrepancies in magnitude estimates across different mines, as well as systematic deviations from the magnitudes reported by the China Earthquake Networks. These inconsistencies arise primarily from inconsistent methodologies, the complex high-frequency wave propagation characteristics and inappropriate application of regional attenuation models to near-field MS data. Together, these issues undermine the comparability, reliability, and practical utility of MS monitoring results. To address this challenge, we propose a unified magnitude calibration framework specifically designed for coal mine MS monitoring in China, with the goal of aligning MS magnitude estimates with national seismic standards. Based on data from 29 controlled underground blasting experiments conducted at four geologically distinct coal mines using hybrid monitoring networks (surface and underground sensors), we derived site-specific high-resolution calibration functions and calculated the corresponding event magnitudes. Our results revealed that while surface stations exhibit stable attenuation characteristics, underground propagation paths vary significantly between sites. Importantly, vertical component amplitudes showed equivalent reliability to horizontal components, enabling simplified processing approaches. For mines where blasting experiments were unfeasible, empirical average attenuation models were developed based on observational data from four coal mines. Finally, application of the model to a mining-induced high-energy event demonstrated improved magnitude consistency and largely eliminated systematic distance-dependent bias. These findings support the integration of the newly developed magnitude scales into existing mining-induced seismic monitoring systems, which can be calibrated through localized data accumulation. This integration systematically enhances monitoring effectiveness across two critical dimensions—disaster assessment accuracy and early warning timeliness—specifically tailored to address the prevention and control demands of rockbursts and other mining-induced seismic events.