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<p>In this study, hybrid composites with improved EMI shielding in the Ku-band (12.4–18&#xa0;GHz) were created using Zn-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X-ray diffraction showed that all compositions formed a pure cubic spinel phase with regular changes in lattice parameter and crystallite size as a function of Zn concentration, affecting cation distribution and magnetic behavior. VSM tests at room temperature showed soft-magnetic properties with moderate coercivity and a non-monotonic saturation magnetization trend, peaking at 41.1 emu/g for x = 0.2 before dropping at higher doping levels. EMI shielding efficacy was assessed using a vector network analyzer and 12.4–18&#xa0;GHz transmission/reflection (S-parameter) tests. The Ni₀.₈Zn₀.₂Fe₂O₄/MWCNT composite had the maximum shielding efficacy of 61 dB due to synergistic dielectric and magnetic loss processes, enhanced impedance matching, and significant interfacial polarization from the conductive MWCNT network and magnetic ferrite phase. These findings show that controlled Zn substitution and MWCNT hybridization can be used to create lightweight, broadband, high-performance EMI shielding materials for aerospace, military, and next-generation telecommunications applications.</p>

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Tunable and Synergistic Enhancement of Electromagnetic Shielding Efficiency through Zn Doping in NiFe₂O₄/MWCNT Hybrid Architectures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Suraj Kumar,
  • Sumit Kumar,
  • Neelam Singh,
  • Vivek Verma,
  • Meenakshi,
  • Prashant Kumar,
  • Vijay Arora

摘要

In this study, hybrid composites with improved EMI shielding in the Ku-band (12.4–18 GHz) were created using Zn-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). X-ray diffraction showed that all compositions formed a pure cubic spinel phase with regular changes in lattice parameter and crystallite size as a function of Zn concentration, affecting cation distribution and magnetic behavior. VSM tests at room temperature showed soft-magnetic properties with moderate coercivity and a non-monotonic saturation magnetization trend, peaking at 41.1 emu/g for x = 0.2 before dropping at higher doping levels. EMI shielding efficacy was assessed using a vector network analyzer and 12.4–18 GHz transmission/reflection (S-parameter) tests. The Ni₀.₈Zn₀.₂Fe₂O₄/MWCNT composite had the maximum shielding efficacy of 61 dB due to synergistic dielectric and magnetic loss processes, enhanced impedance matching, and significant interfacial polarization from the conductive MWCNT network and magnetic ferrite phase. These findings show that controlled Zn substitution and MWCNT hybridization can be used to create lightweight, broadband, high-performance EMI shielding materials for aerospace, military, and next-generation telecommunications applications.