Effect of Gd Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co-Cu-Zn Bulk Ferrites
摘要
Co0.40Cu0.20Zn0.40GdxFe2−xO4(x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The cubic spinel structure is studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice parameters were increased from 3.08Å to 8.354Å with Gd content. Microstructural analysis indicates that the mean grain size was increased with Gd3+ content up to x = 0.050. The complex initial permeability determined the characteristics of magnetic properties. The real part of the initial permeability (µiʹ) increases with Gd3+ content up to x = 0.04 and then decreases. The highest µiʹ was observed for x = 0.050 at the optimal sintering temperature. As the Gd3+ concentration increased to x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization (Ms) increased from 72.70 to 78.7 emu/g. Ms was declined after x = 0.05 as a result of the potential for non-collinear spin arrangements with further increments in Gd3+ content. The αY−K values reached a minimum of 26˚ at x = 0.05, whereas nB explores an opposite trend. The reduction of electron exchanges between Fe2+ and Fe3+ at the octahedral site led to a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with the Gd3+ content. Non-Debye relaxation behavior is observed from the theoretical fitting justification of the bulk ferrite.