<p>Co<sub>0.40</sub>Cu<sub>0.20</sub>Zn<sub>0.40</sub>Gd<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The cubic spinel structure is studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice parameters were increased from 3.08Å to 8.354Å with Gd content. Microstructural analysis indicates that the mean grain size was increased with Gd<sup>3+</sup> content up to x = 0.050. The complex initial permeability determined the characteristics of magnetic properties. The real part of the initial permeability (µ<sub>i</sub>ʹ) increases with Gd<sup>3+</sup> content up to x = 0.04 and then decreases. The highest µ<sub>i</sub>ʹ was observed for x = 0.050 at the optimal sintering temperature. As the Gd<sup>3+</sup> concentration increased to x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization (M<sub>s</sub>) increased from 72.70 to 78.7 emu/g. M<sub>s</sub> was declined after x = 0.05 as a result of the potential for non-collinear spin arrangements with further increments in Gd<sup>3+</sup> content. The α<sub>Y−K</sub> values reached a minimum of 26˚ at x = 0.05, whereas n<sub>B</sub> explores an opposite trend. The reduction of electron exchanges between Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> at the octahedral site led to a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with the Gd<sup>3+</sup> content. Non-Debye relaxation behavior is observed from the theoretical fitting justification of the bulk ferrite.</p>

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Effect of Gd Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co-Cu-Zn Bulk Ferrites

  • Mohammed Anwar Hossain,
  • Nur Mohammed,
  • Mohammad Shahjahan,
  • Abdulla Al-Momin,
  • A. K. M. Akther Hossain

摘要

Co0.40Cu0.20Zn0.40GdxFe2−xO4(x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10) was prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction technique. The cubic spinel structure is studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice parameters were increased from 3.08Å to 8.354Å with Gd content. Microstructural analysis indicates that the mean grain size was increased with Gd3+ content up to x = 0.050. The complex initial permeability determined the characteristics of magnetic properties. The real part of the initial permeability (µiʹ) increases with Gd3+ content up to x = 0.04 and then decreases. The highest µiʹ was observed for x = 0.050 at the optimal sintering temperature. As the Gd3+ concentration increased to x = 0.05, the saturation magnetization (Ms) increased from 72.70 to 78.7 emu/g. Ms was declined after x = 0.05 as a result of the potential for non-collinear spin arrangements with further increments in Gd3+ content. The αY−K values reached a minimum of 26˚ at x = 0.05, whereas nB explores an opposite trend. The reduction of electron exchanges between Fe2+ and Fe3+ at the octahedral site led to a decrease in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with the Gd3+ content. Non-Debye relaxation behavior is observed from the theoretical fitting justification of the bulk ferrite.