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<p>The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles were systematically investigated to explore the origin of room-temperature weak ferromagnetism (RTFM). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of a tetragonal anatase phase with high crystallinity, exhibiting characteristic vibrational modes of pure TiO₂ and surface functional groups associated with Ti–O bonding. Optical studies revealed a indirect bandgap of ~ 3.24&#xa0;eV, slightly higher than the reported 3.20–3.22&#xa0;eV for pure anatase, along with defect-related electronic transitions. The morphology indicates uniformly distributed nanocrystallites, and the magnetic measurements demonstrate a weak ferromagnetism at room temperature, which most likely arises from intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies. Compared with literature, where anatase TiO₂ is typically diamagnetic and or shows the RTFM only after defect engineering, the observation of weak ferromagnetism in undoped samples highlights the intrinsic role of defects in magnetic ordering. These insights are likely to advance the understanding of defect-driven magnetism and suggest promising applications of anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles in optoelectronics and spintronics. </p>

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Unravelling Defect Mediated Magnetism in Anatase TiO₂ Nanoparticles through Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Characterizations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Bhargav Bhagvat,
  • Rama Shanker Gupta,
  • Parth Patel,
  • Santosh Kumar Sahoo,
  • Ariful Rahaman,
  • Akhilananda Kumar,
  • Asokan Kandasami,
  • Vijay Raj Singh

摘要

The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of TiO₂ nanoparticles were systematically investigated to explore the origin of room-temperature weak ferromagnetism (RTFM). Structural analysis confirmed the presence of a tetragonal anatase phase with high crystallinity, exhibiting characteristic vibrational modes of pure TiO₂ and surface functional groups associated with Ti–O bonding. Optical studies revealed a indirect bandgap of ~ 3.24 eV, slightly higher than the reported 3.20–3.22 eV for pure anatase, along with defect-related electronic transitions. The morphology indicates uniformly distributed nanocrystallites, and the magnetic measurements demonstrate a weak ferromagnetism at room temperature, which most likely arises from intrinsic defects such as oxygen vacancies. Compared with literature, where anatase TiO₂ is typically diamagnetic and or shows the RTFM only after defect engineering, the observation of weak ferromagnetism in undoped samples highlights the intrinsic role of defects in magnetic ordering. These insights are likely to advance the understanding of defect-driven magnetism and suggest promising applications of anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles in optoelectronics and spintronics.