<p>Recent progress in electrochemical sensing technology has revealed the importance of advanced electrode materials for the sensitive detection of biomolecules, pharmaceutical compounds, food contaminants, and environmental pollutants. Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) materials are the promising sensing materials because of their high surface area, tunable porosity, abundant active sites, and catalytic activity. In this connection, cobalt-based MOF (Co-MOF) materials and their composites have received significant attentions due to their favorable redox behavior and capability to improve charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface. In this review report, we have summarized the recent advances in Co-MOF based materials, including pristine Co-MOF, conductive composites, bimetallic Co based MOF, and MOF derived cobalt materials for electrochemical sensing applications. The reported electrochemical sensors based on Co-MOF materials have achieved excellent analytical performance in terms of limit of detection (LOD) values of 0.03 µM for rutin, 0.25 µM for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 0.0875 µM for furazolidone, 0.4 µM for nitrite, 0.33–8.84 µM for glucose, 2.49 ppb for lead (Pb²⁺), 0.97 nM for hippuric acid, 0.14 fM for tryptophan and 0.31 fg.mL^− 1 for ochratoxin A. In some cases, sensitivity of 781.43 µA.mM^− 1.cm^− 2 for rutin and 2412.7 µA.mM^− 1.cm^− 2 for glucose detection have also been reported using Co-MOF based materials. The improved sensing performance may be attributed to the porous framework, accessible cobalt active sites, enhanced electrochemically active surface area, and synergistic effects with conductive components such as carbon materials, metal nanoparticles, polymers and MXenes. Finally, current challenges such as limited electrical conductivity, poor long term stability, reproducibility and scalable fabrication have been discussed with future perspectives for the development of portable and reliable Co-MOF based electrochemical sensors.</p>