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<p>The development of multifunctional adsorbents combining high adsorption efficiency and easy recovery remains a major challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, a magnetic iron-doped activated carbon was prepared from cypress cone waste via phosphoric acid activation assisted by ultrasound impregnation and microwave carbonization, followed by iron incorporation through ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ precursors and subsequent thermal treatment. The material was characterized by point of zero charge determination, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results indicated successful iron incorporation and the formation of a porous magnetic adsorbent with a specific surface area of 165.81 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.276 cm³/g, and a saturation magnetization of 33.09 emu/g, enabling efficient magnetic separation. The adsorption performance was evaluated for the removal of Basic Blue 41 dye from aqueous solutions and real textile effluent. Equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms, indicating adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Kinetic analysis showed that the Elovich model best fitted the experimental data (R² = 0.9953), suggesting adsorption on energetically heterogeneous active sites. The applicability of the adsorbent was further assessed using real textile effluent, achieving an average color removal efficiency of 96.7 ± 3.5%. Additionally, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon were reduced to below the detection limits of the analytical methods used. These results demonstrate the potential of the prepared magnetic activated carbon as an efficient, sustainable, and easily recoverable adsorbent for textile wastewater treatment.</p>

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Preparation and characterization of magnetic Fe-doped biochar derived from a plant-waste-based charcoal and its application in textile effluent treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Renad Rabie,
  • Ahmed Belgacem,
  • Hocine Hadoun,
  • Vahid Vatanpour

摘要

The development of multifunctional adsorbents combining high adsorption efficiency and easy recovery remains a major challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, a magnetic iron-doped activated carbon was prepared from cypress cone waste via phosphoric acid activation assisted by ultrasound impregnation and microwave carbonization, followed by iron incorporation through ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation of Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ precursors and subsequent thermal treatment. The material was characterized by point of zero charge determination, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The results indicated successful iron incorporation and the formation of a porous magnetic adsorbent with a specific surface area of 165.81 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.276 cm³/g, and a saturation magnetization of 33.09 emu/g, enabling efficient magnetic separation. The adsorption performance was evaluated for the removal of Basic Blue 41 dye from aqueous solutions and real textile effluent. Equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherms, indicating adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Kinetic analysis showed that the Elovich model best fitted the experimental data (R² = 0.9953), suggesting adsorption on energetically heterogeneous active sites. The applicability of the adsorbent was further assessed using real textile effluent, achieving an average color removal efficiency of 96.7 ± 3.5%. Additionally, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon were reduced to below the detection limits of the analytical methods used. These results demonstrate the potential of the prepared magnetic activated carbon as an efficient, sustainable, and easily recoverable adsorbent for textile wastewater treatment.