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<p>With the continuous acceleration of industrialisation, the demand for effective solutions for high-temperature oily wastewater discharge, thermal management of hot oil pipelines, and liquid separation under complex conditions is growing significantly. These applications impose stringent requirements on multifunctional materials that integrate thermal insulation, oil–water separation capability, and robust mechanical strength. In this study, we successfully fabricated superhydrophobic lignin fibre (LF)/Al₂O₃ composite aerogels using environmentally friendly lignin fibres and aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃·6&#xa0;H₂O) as raw materials. A cost-effective preparation process was adopted, combining sol–gel synthesis, vacuum impregnation with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and gradient-temperature drying. The effects of varying alumina content on the microstructure, phase composition, thermal insulation performance, compressive strength, hydrophobicity, and oil–water separation efficiency of the composite aerogels were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that increasing the alumina content significantly enhanced the aerogels’ performance, yielding low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.035&#xa0;W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) and high compressive strength (up to 5.5&#xa0;MPa). Moreover, the optimised aerogel displayed a high static water contact angle (up to 155°) and a narrow pore size distribution, maintaining over 85% of its initial permeation flux after eight consecutive cycles of thermal recovery. Therefore, the composite aerogel effectively meets the complex demands of oil–water separation in both daily and industrial applications. Additionally, the developed material enables simultaneous thermal treatment and oil–water separation of oily industrial wastewater, achieving efficient recovery of water resources and waste heat utilisation, demonstrating promising application prospects and considerable engineering value.</p>

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Lignin fiber/alumina composite aerogels fabricated via PDMS vacuum impregnation for thermal insulation and Oil–Water separation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月25日

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  • Da Luo,
  • Haojie Wang,
  • Xiangyou Lu,
  • Shaoyang Ma,
  • Dong Xu,
  • Yuanlai Xie,
  • Guorui Wang

摘要

With the continuous acceleration of industrialisation, the demand for effective solutions for high-temperature oily wastewater discharge, thermal management of hot oil pipelines, and liquid separation under complex conditions is growing significantly. These applications impose stringent requirements on multifunctional materials that integrate thermal insulation, oil–water separation capability, and robust mechanical strength. In this study, we successfully fabricated superhydrophobic lignin fibre (LF)/Al₂O₃ composite aerogels using environmentally friendly lignin fibres and aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃·6 H₂O) as raw materials. A cost-effective preparation process was adopted, combining sol–gel synthesis, vacuum impregnation with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and gradient-temperature drying. The effects of varying alumina content on the microstructure, phase composition, thermal insulation performance, compressive strength, hydrophobicity, and oil–water separation efficiency of the composite aerogels were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that increasing the alumina content significantly enhanced the aerogels’ performance, yielding low thermal conductivity (as low as 0.035 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) and high compressive strength (up to 5.5 MPa). Moreover, the optimised aerogel displayed a high static water contact angle (up to 155°) and a narrow pore size distribution, maintaining over 85% of its initial permeation flux after eight consecutive cycles of thermal recovery. Therefore, the composite aerogel effectively meets the complex demands of oil–water separation in both daily and industrial applications. Additionally, the developed material enables simultaneous thermal treatment and oil–water separation of oily industrial wastewater, achieving efficient recovery of water resources and waste heat utilisation, demonstrating promising application prospects and considerable engineering value.