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<p>Adenanthera pavonina shells (APS), a commonly discarded biomass, were converted into activated carbon (AC) through KOH activation to introduce porosity, followed by carbonization at varying temperatures (600&#xa0;°C, 700&#xa0;°C, and 800&#xa0;°C) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting materials exhibited an amorphous carbon framework with a hierarchically porous structure, predominantly consisting of micropores and mesopores optimized for electrochemical performance. BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis revealed a high specific surface area of 1698 m<sup>2</sup>/g, essential for ion transport and enhanced supercapacitor performance. Among the samples, the AC prepared at 700&#xa0;°C (A700) demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 141 F/g at 1 A/g, attributed to its optimal pore structure and increased interlayer spacing, facilitating improved electrolyte ion penetration. Symmetric supercapacitor cells fabricated with this material achieved an energy density of 6.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 500 W/kg, demonstrating excellent charge storage capability. The device retained 92.99% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 1 A/g, highlighting its durability with coulombic efficiency of 98%. This study highlights the potential of APS-derived AC as a low-cost, efficient material for supercapacitors, contributing to sustainable energy storage solutions.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon derived from Adenanthera pavonina shell biomass and its electrochemical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月4日

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  • Nabeela Kader,
  • M. D. Kannan,
  • D. Vasanth Raj

摘要

Adenanthera pavonina shells (APS), a commonly discarded biomass, were converted into activated carbon (AC) through KOH activation to introduce porosity, followed by carbonization at varying temperatures (600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting materials exhibited an amorphous carbon framework with a hierarchically porous structure, predominantly consisting of micropores and mesopores optimized for electrochemical performance. BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) analysis revealed a high specific surface area of 1698 m2/g, essential for ion transport and enhanced supercapacitor performance. Among the samples, the AC prepared at 700 °C (A700) demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 141 F/g at 1 A/g, attributed to its optimal pore structure and increased interlayer spacing, facilitating improved electrolyte ion penetration. Symmetric supercapacitor cells fabricated with this material achieved an energy density of 6.2 Wh/kg at a power density of 500 W/kg, demonstrating excellent charge storage capability. The device retained 92.99% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 1 A/g, highlighting its durability with coulombic efficiency of 98%. This study highlights the potential of APS-derived AC as a low-cost, efficient material for supercapacitors, contributing to sustainable energy storage solutions.