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<p>A zirconium imidazole propyl sulfonate (Zr-HIMPs) catalyst was synthesized for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to ethyl levulinate (EL). Under optimized conditions (120&#xa0;°C, 2&#xa0;h, 0.2 mmol of Zr-HIMPs catalyst), the reaction achieved 95.03% conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 92.02% yield of ethyl levulinate (EL), with no significant improvement observed upon further increasing the catalyst loading. The catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability over four cycles with minimal activity loss. Characterization techniques confirmed its structural stability and high density of acid-base pairs, which synergistically enhanced catalytic performance. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed to elucidate the mechanism.</p>

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Synthesis and alcoholysis applications of zirconium imidazole propyl sulfonate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月22日

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  • Aiyun Hu,
  • Haijun Wang

摘要

A zirconium imidazole propyl sulfonate (Zr-HIMPs) catalyst was synthesized for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to ethyl levulinate (EL). Under optimized conditions (120 °C, 2 h, 0.2 mmol of Zr-HIMPs catalyst), the reaction achieved 95.03% conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 92.02% yield of ethyl levulinate (EL), with no significant improvement observed upon further increasing the catalyst loading. The catalyst demonstrated excellent reusability over four cycles with minimal activity loss. Characterization techniques confirmed its structural stability and high density of acid-base pairs, which synergistically enhanced catalytic performance. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed to elucidate the mechanism.