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<p>This work presents the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using an Ayurvedic decoction and their subsequent integration into a chitosan matrix to form a CuO–chitosan nanocomposite (CHCGF) containing 15 wt% CuO. Structural, optical, and morphological analyses (XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDX) confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO with crystallite sizes of ~ 21.5&#xa0;nm (CGF) and ~ 16.4&#xa0;nm (CHCGF), accompanied by polymer-induced blue-shifted optical band gaps of 3.4&#xa0;eV and 3.8–3.9&#xa0;eV, respectively. Under low-intensity indoor visible-light irradiation, CHCGF exhibited markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance, achieving 99% degradation of Methyl Red, 90% of Congo Red, and 87% of Methyl Orange within 120&#xa0;min, outperforming pristine CuO (62–74%). Antimicrobial assays revealed broad-spectrum efficacy, with CHCGF generating inhibition zones of 14–18&#xa0;mm, compared to 9–11&#xa0;mm for CuO alone. ICP-MS analysis demonstrated a 96% reduction of Pb²⁺ ions (from 93.95 ppm to 3.95 ppm), with no detectable Cu leaching, highlighting the composite’s stability in aqueous systems. Collectively, these quantitative results position CHCGF as a cost-effective, green-engineered, multifunctional nanomaterial with strong potential for integrated wastewater purification, combining photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and heavy-metal remediation capabilities.</p>

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Multifunctional Chitosan–Copper Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesized Via Green Route with Amruthootharam Kashayam: Comprehensive Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential for Water Purification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Joyal Mary,
  • S Vidya,
  • Remya Babu,
  • Shiburaj Sugathan

摘要

This work presents the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using an Ayurvedic decoction and their subsequent integration into a chitosan matrix to form a CuO–chitosan nanocomposite (CHCGF) containing 15 wt% CuO. Structural, optical, and morphological analyses (XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM, EDX) confirmed the formation of monoclinic CuO with crystallite sizes of ~ 21.5 nm (CGF) and ~ 16.4 nm (CHCGF), accompanied by polymer-induced blue-shifted optical band gaps of 3.4 eV and 3.8–3.9 eV, respectively. Under low-intensity indoor visible-light irradiation, CHCGF exhibited markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance, achieving 99% degradation of Methyl Red, 90% of Congo Red, and 87% of Methyl Orange within 120 min, outperforming pristine CuO (62–74%). Antimicrobial assays revealed broad-spectrum efficacy, with CHCGF generating inhibition zones of 14–18 mm, compared to 9–11 mm for CuO alone. ICP-MS analysis demonstrated a 96% reduction of Pb²⁺ ions (from 93.95 ppm to 3.95 ppm), with no detectable Cu leaching, highlighting the composite’s stability in aqueous systems. Collectively, these quantitative results position CHCGF as a cost-effective, green-engineered, multifunctional nanomaterial with strong potential for integrated wastewater purification, combining photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and heavy-metal remediation capabilities.