Tannic Acid-Derived Carbon Nanodots Incorporated into Pectin-Gelatin Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Engineering
摘要
Pectin and gelatin are used in skin tissue engineering applications due to their excellent biocompatibility; however, the low mechanical properties limit their functionality. To address this, we developed a nanocomposite system by incorporating tannic acid-derived carbon dots (TCDs) into a pectin-gelatin scaffold to enhance its physicochemical and biological performance for skin tissue engineering. Tannic acid was used to synthesize carbon dots via an environmentally benign hydrothermal method. Physical, chemical, and optical characterizations confirmed the successful synthesis of nanoparticles with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 9.7 ± 1.27 nm and a Zeta potential of -20.5 ± 1.43 mV. Optical analysis confirmed the photoluminescent features of the nanoparticles, with peak emission observed at 431 nm under excitation at 345 nm. The scaffolds were synthesized through a freeze-drying process, and SEM imaging confirmed their highly porous structure. The influence of TCD incorporation on the mechanical, antioxidant, and biocompatibility properties of the scaffold was evaluated. Mechanical and thermal assessments revealed significant enhancements in tensile strength and thermal stability with the addition of 3% (w/w) TCDs. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay of the scaffolds showed up to 71.28 ± 2.83% free radical scavenging activity. The scaffolds demonstrated favorable biocompatibility on L929 fibroblasts, as evidenced by MTT and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) assays, along with improved collagen production in Sirius Red staining and enhanced cell adhesion and migration behaviors. Overall, these findings indicate that TCD-reinforced pectin/gelatin scaffolds provide a sustainable and effective platform for skin tissue regeneration and wound healing applications.