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<p>This study focuses on the novel investigation of the individual and combined effects of fucoidan, ulvan, and carrageenan on growth parameters, immune responses, and digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in common carp, emphasizing the simultaneous use of these three polysaccharides. A total of 405 common carp (50.27 ± 1.39&#xa0;g) were divided into nine treatment groups: control (CTRL); fucoidan (F 0.5% and 1%); ulvan (U 0.5% and 1%); carrageenan (K 0.5% and 1%); and a combination of all three (FUK 0.5% and 1%). The results indicated that the F1, U1, K1 FUK0.5 and FUK 1% treatment significantly enhanced final weight, weight gain and specific growth rates while decreasing the feed conversion ratio compared to CTRL. Sulfated polysaccharides did not significantly affect hemoglobin and hematocrit levels; however, only the FUK1% group showed a significant increase in white and red blood cell counts compared to the CTRL. Immune parameters, including serum C3, serum and mucus lysozyme, and immunoglobulin levels, increased notably across various treatments. Expression of <i>IL-1β</i> decreased significantly in the F, U, K, and FUK 1% groups, while <i>IL-10</i> expression increased in all treated groups. Digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin showed remarkable increases in most treatments compared to the CTRL. Additionally, serum antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (all doses except F 0.5%, U 0.5%, and K 0.5%) and catalase (all doses except U 0.5% and K 0.5%), showed significant increases relative to the CTRL. Overall, these sulfated polysaccharides, especially FUK 0.5% and FUK 1%, positively influenced growth, immune function, digestive efficiency, and antioxidant activity in common carp.</p>

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Effects of Fucoidan, Ulvan, Carrageenan, and their Combination on Growth, Immunity, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Status in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Majid Khanzadeh,
  • Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,
  • Hien Van Doan

摘要

This study focuses on the novel investigation of the individual and combined effects of fucoidan, ulvan, and carrageenan on growth parameters, immune responses, and digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in common carp, emphasizing the simultaneous use of these three polysaccharides. A total of 405 common carp (50.27 ± 1.39 g) were divided into nine treatment groups: control (CTRL); fucoidan (F 0.5% and 1%); ulvan (U 0.5% and 1%); carrageenan (K 0.5% and 1%); and a combination of all three (FUK 0.5% and 1%). The results indicated that the F1, U1, K1 FUK0.5 and FUK 1% treatment significantly enhanced final weight, weight gain and specific growth rates while decreasing the feed conversion ratio compared to CTRL. Sulfated polysaccharides did not significantly affect hemoglobin and hematocrit levels; however, only the FUK1% group showed a significant increase in white and red blood cell counts compared to the CTRL. Immune parameters, including serum C3, serum and mucus lysozyme, and immunoglobulin levels, increased notably across various treatments. Expression of IL-1β decreased significantly in the F, U, K, and FUK 1% groups, while IL-10 expression increased in all treated groups. Digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin showed remarkable increases in most treatments compared to the CTRL. Additionally, serum antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (all doses except F 0.5%, U 0.5%, and K 0.5%) and catalase (all doses except U 0.5% and K 0.5%), showed significant increases relative to the CTRL. Overall, these sulfated polysaccharides, especially FUK 0.5% and FUK 1%, positively influenced growth, immune function, digestive efficiency, and antioxidant activity in common carp.