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<p>Nowadays, the development of flexible electrodes through green processes for sustainable development has received much attention. Hence, the objective of this work is to fabricate a novel, free-standing polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose (PANI/PVA/cellulose) electrode using gamma irradiation as an efficient green technology for practical production. Cellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse through alkaline treatment, then combined with PVA and PANI to form a composite film via gamma irradiation at a dose of 40&#xa0;kGy at ambient temperature, with a dose rate of 9.18&#xa0;kGy/h, followed by hydraulic pressing. The chemical and crystalline structures, thermal stability, morphology, wettability and mechanical properties of the flexible electrode were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, contact angle measurement, and a universal testing machine respectively. Four-point probe and EIS measurement were employed to investigate the electrical conductivity. The ternary composite PANI/PVA/cellulose film formed a three-dimensional network with porosity ranging from 24.2 ± 0.5% to 67.6 ± 5.1%. In the presence of PANI improved the morphology and porosity of the composite films, resulting in enhanced ion transfer and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elongation at break increased to 22.1 ± 1.1&#xa0;MPa and 25.0 ± 5.0%, respectively with the addition of 0.5 wt% PANI. The obtained PANI/PVA/cellulose composite film is considered as a potential candidate to replace the commercial electrode in energy storage devices due to its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and flexibility.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis of a Flexible free-standing polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose Film Electrode by Gamma radiation-induced Crosslinking

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月4日

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  • Panida Paenmao,
  • Pimchanok Ieamviteevanich,
  • Thanapat Jorn-am,
  • Peerasak Paoprasert,
  • Thitirat Rattanawongwiboon,
  • Sarute Ummartyotin

摘要

Nowadays, the development of flexible electrodes through green processes for sustainable development has received much attention. Hence, the objective of this work is to fabricate a novel, free-standing polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose (PANI/PVA/cellulose) electrode using gamma irradiation as an efficient green technology for practical production. Cellulose was extracted from sugarcane bagasse through alkaline treatment, then combined with PVA and PANI to form a composite film via gamma irradiation at a dose of 40 kGy at ambient temperature, with a dose rate of 9.18 kGy/h, followed by hydraulic pressing. The chemical and crystalline structures, thermal stability, morphology, wettability and mechanical properties of the flexible electrode were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, contact angle measurement, and a universal testing machine respectively. Four-point probe and EIS measurement were employed to investigate the electrical conductivity. The ternary composite PANI/PVA/cellulose film formed a three-dimensional network with porosity ranging from 24.2 ± 0.5% to 67.6 ± 5.1%. In the presence of PANI improved the morphology and porosity of the composite films, resulting in enhanced ion transfer and electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elongation at break increased to 22.1 ± 1.1 MPa and 25.0 ± 5.0%, respectively with the addition of 0.5 wt% PANI. The obtained PANI/PVA/cellulose composite film is considered as a potential candidate to replace the commercial electrode in energy storage devices due to its cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and flexibility.

Graphical Abstract