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<p>Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising biopolymer valued for its degradability and versatility. Conventional ring-opening polymerization (ROP) methods, which involve multistep processes under high temperature and vacuum conditions, often require high energy input and prolonged reaction times. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted ROP was first optimized using the conventional metal catalyst stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂) to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic power and reaction time. The optimal conditions (99.29 W, 3.66 h) produced PLA with a molecular weight of 88.18 kg/mol, 44.76% crystallinity, and a melting temperature of 165.64 °C, while reducing energy consumption by 49.98% compared to the conventional thermal process. Following this optimization, creatinine was employed as a metal-free biocatalyst to explore a greener catalytic alternative. In addition, methanol was introduced as a co-initiator at different ratios (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The presence of methanol, particularly at 1.5%, enhanced chain initiation and propagation, leading to higher molecular weight and improved physical and thermal properties of PLA synthesized with creatinine. These findings suggest that the combined use of ultrasonic irradiation, biocatalyst, and co-initiator provides a potential pathway toward more energy-efficient and sustainable PLA production.</p>

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Optimization of Poly(lactic Acid) Synthesis using Ultrasonic-Assisted Ring Opening Polymerization in Comparison with Biocatalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月29日

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  • Nikmatuz Zahra,
  • Endarto Yudo Wardhono,
  • Hikmatun Ni’mah,
  • Belda Amelia Junisu,
  • Ya-Sen Sun,
  • Tri Widjaja

摘要

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising biopolymer valued for its degradability and versatility. Conventional ring-opening polymerization (ROP) methods, which involve multistep processes under high temperature and vacuum conditions, often require high energy input and prolonged reaction times. In this study, ultrasonic-assisted ROP was first optimized using the conventional metal catalyst stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂) to evaluate the effects of ultrasonic power and reaction time. The optimal conditions (99.29 W, 3.66 h) produced PLA with a molecular weight of 88.18 kg/mol, 44.76% crystallinity, and a melting temperature of 165.64 °C, while reducing energy consumption by 49.98% compared to the conventional thermal process. Following this optimization, creatinine was employed as a metal-free biocatalyst to explore a greener catalytic alternative. In addition, methanol was introduced as a co-initiator at different ratios (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The presence of methanol, particularly at 1.5%, enhanced chain initiation and propagation, leading to higher molecular weight and improved physical and thermal properties of PLA synthesized with creatinine. These findings suggest that the combined use of ultrasonic irradiation, biocatalyst, and co-initiator provides a potential pathway toward more energy-efficient and sustainable PLA production.