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<p>This study introduces a novel class of physically crosslinked hydrogels synthesized from high-molecular-weight copolymers consisting of itaconic acid (IA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and laponite RD, which efficiently removes cationic dyes. The copolymers synthesized via free-radical polymerization in a deep eutectic solvent demonstrated increased thermal stability with increasing MAA content. Rheological assessments revealed elastic solid behavior (G′ &gt; G″), with decreased stiffness correlated with increased MAA content, which was attributed to diminished electrostatic interactions. Structural analyses, including WAXS/SAXS and TEM, confirmed the complete exfoliation of the clay and the formation of a hierarchical network; upon dye adsorption, an expansion of the basal spacing to 15–20&#xa0;nm was observed. The hydrogels exhibited a swelling capacity of up to 38&#xa0;g/g in pure water, which was reduced to 10&#xa0;g/g in saline conditions. The highest adsorption capacity of basic fuchsin was determined to be 70&#xa0;mg/g, achieving a 99.5% removal efficiency using 0.05&#xa0;g/L of adsorbent over a 2-hour period. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and was well described by a nonlinear pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model. The dye adsorption process was spontaneous, and exothermic and followed physisorption. Crosslinking with calcium ions substantially increased the storage modulus by 252-fold and controlled the swelling ratio to 15.9 ± 0.7&#xa0;g/g, facilitating regeneration cycles with 99.2 ± 0.2% efficiency. These findings position IA-MAA laponite RD hydrogels as sustainable materials with significant potential for application in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.</p>

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Synthesis of High-Molecular-Weight Poly (Itaconic-Co-Methacrylic Acid) Copolymers for the Fabrication of Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Cationic Dye Removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Gloria Huerta-Ángeles,
  • Lívia Kanizsová,
  • Rafał Konefał,
  • Kacper Mielczarek,
  • Magdalena Konefał,
  • Jiří Hodan,
  • Olga Kočková,
  • Ewa Pavlová,
  • Szczepan Bednarz,
  • Hynek Beneš

摘要

This study introduces a novel class of physically crosslinked hydrogels synthesized from high-molecular-weight copolymers consisting of itaconic acid (IA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and laponite RD, which efficiently removes cationic dyes. The copolymers synthesized via free-radical polymerization in a deep eutectic solvent demonstrated increased thermal stability with increasing MAA content. Rheological assessments revealed elastic solid behavior (G′ > G″), with decreased stiffness correlated with increased MAA content, which was attributed to diminished electrostatic interactions. Structural analyses, including WAXS/SAXS and TEM, confirmed the complete exfoliation of the clay and the formation of a hierarchical network; upon dye adsorption, an expansion of the basal spacing to 15–20 nm was observed. The hydrogels exhibited a swelling capacity of up to 38 g/g in pure water, which was reduced to 10 g/g in saline conditions. The highest adsorption capacity of basic fuchsin was determined to be 70 mg/g, achieving a 99.5% removal efficiency using 0.05 g/L of adsorbent over a 2-hour period. The adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm and was well described by a nonlinear pseudo-first-order (PFO) kinetic model. The dye adsorption process was spontaneous, and exothermic and followed physisorption. Crosslinking with calcium ions substantially increased the storage modulus by 252-fold and controlled the swelling ratio to 15.9 ± 0.7 g/g, facilitating regeneration cycles with 99.2 ± 0.2% efficiency. These findings position IA-MAA laponite RD hydrogels as sustainable materials with significant potential for application in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.