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<p>A green synthesis approach was employed to synthesize stimuli-sensitive <i>Artemisia vulgaris</i>/guar gum hydrogel sponges for sustained delivery of domperidone. The fabricated hydrogel sponges were explored for drug loading (%), stimuli-responsive swelling, swelling kinetics, electrolyte sensitivity assessment, assessment of pH sensitivity, sol–gel fraction (%), drug-excipient interaction studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), thermal investigation (DSC and TGA), <i>in-vitro</i> drug release studies and kinetics of drug release. Also, hydrogel sponges were evaluated for toxicity in white Albino rats. Domperidone loading was ranging from 66 to 87%. The optimal swelling of the hydrogel sponge was witnessed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). However, significantly low swelling was obvious at acidic conditions (pH 1.2), exhibiting second-order swelling kinetics. Likewise, the hydrogel sponges also retorted to electrolyte concentrations. The sol–gel fraction analysis revealed gel fraction ranging from 81–94% in different formulations. The drug excipient compatibility analysis showed compatibility among domperidone and other excipients. The findings of SEM revealed the hydrogel sponge's porous surface along with numerous fissures. The surface morphology of hydrogel appeared rough. The PXRD results of the loaded hydrogel sponge depicted the overall crystalline nature of the domperidone and β-CD after inclusion into the sponges. Dissolution studies confirmed the domperidone release up to 10&#xa0;h from hydrogel sponges at colonic pH (phosphate buffer pH 7.4), whereas an insignificant release in acidic medium. Release data confirmed first-order kinetics. Toxicological studies supported the inert nature of the developed sponge. These findings demonstrated that the developed hydrogel sponge is capable of delivering domperidone to the gastrointestinal tract for an extended time.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Green Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Artesmisia vulgaris/Guar Gum Inter Cross-Linked Microporous Hydrogel Sponges: A pH Regulated Dais for Domperidone Delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Fouzia Taslim,
  • Muhammad Umer Ashraf,
  • Ayman M. Al-Qaaneh,
  • Kashif Barkat,
  • Asif Mahmood,
  • Rai Muhammad Sarfraz,
  • Hira Ijaz,
  • Muhammad Aamir,
  • Mohamed M. Salem,
  • Mounir M. Bekhit

摘要

A green synthesis approach was employed to synthesize stimuli-sensitive Artemisia vulgaris/guar gum hydrogel sponges for sustained delivery of domperidone. The fabricated hydrogel sponges were explored for drug loading (%), stimuli-responsive swelling, swelling kinetics, electrolyte sensitivity assessment, assessment of pH sensitivity, sol–gel fraction (%), drug-excipient interaction studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD), thermal investigation (DSC and TGA), in-vitro drug release studies and kinetics of drug release. Also, hydrogel sponges were evaluated for toxicity in white Albino rats. Domperidone loading was ranging from 66 to 87%. The optimal swelling of the hydrogel sponge was witnessed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). However, significantly low swelling was obvious at acidic conditions (pH 1.2), exhibiting second-order swelling kinetics. Likewise, the hydrogel sponges also retorted to electrolyte concentrations. The sol–gel fraction analysis revealed gel fraction ranging from 81–94% in different formulations. The drug excipient compatibility analysis showed compatibility among domperidone and other excipients. The findings of SEM revealed the hydrogel sponge's porous surface along with numerous fissures. The surface morphology of hydrogel appeared rough. The PXRD results of the loaded hydrogel sponge depicted the overall crystalline nature of the domperidone and β-CD after inclusion into the sponges. Dissolution studies confirmed the domperidone release up to 10 h from hydrogel sponges at colonic pH (phosphate buffer pH 7.4), whereas an insignificant release in acidic medium. Release data confirmed first-order kinetics. Toxicological studies supported the inert nature of the developed sponge. These findings demonstrated that the developed hydrogel sponge is capable of delivering domperidone to the gastrointestinal tract for an extended time.

Graphical Abstract