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<p>The phylogenetic relationships of <i>Eggysodon</i> and <i>Hyracodon</i> have been debated for over a century. We describe a new species, <i>Allacerops ningdongica</i> sp. nov., based on a mandible from the early Oligocene sandstone of the Qingshuiying Formation, Ningdong Town, Northwest China. This specimen is characterized by the presence of all three incisors, a large canine, a U-shaped outline of the trigonid, and a nearly straight protolophid of lower premolars p3 and p4. Our parsimony analysis supports the revalidation of the subfamily Allaceropinae and confirms that Allaceropinae and Eggysodontinae are not synonymous. Furthermore, our analysis unites these two subfamilies, as well as Hyracodontinae, within the family Hyracodontidae. The specimens previously identified as <i>Eggysodon gaudryi</i> from the early Oligocene of Moissac, France, should be assigned to <i>Allacerops</i> due to the presence of all three incisors and a large canine, and “<i>Allacerops</i>” <i>minor</i> from the Oligocene of Tata-Gol and Ulan Ganga, Mongolia seems to be closely affiliated with <i>Eggysodon</i>.</p>

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A new rhinocerotoid (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the early Oligocene of Ningdong, China, and its phylogenetic implications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Xiaokang Lu,
  • Tao Deng,
  • Boyang Sun,
  • Danhui Sun,
  • Shijie Li

摘要

The phylogenetic relationships of Eggysodon and Hyracodon have been debated for over a century. We describe a new species, Allacerops ningdongica sp. nov., based on a mandible from the early Oligocene sandstone of the Qingshuiying Formation, Ningdong Town, Northwest China. This specimen is characterized by the presence of all three incisors, a large canine, a U-shaped outline of the trigonid, and a nearly straight protolophid of lower premolars p3 and p4. Our parsimony analysis supports the revalidation of the subfamily Allaceropinae and confirms that Allaceropinae and Eggysodontinae are not synonymous. Furthermore, our analysis unites these two subfamilies, as well as Hyracodontinae, within the family Hyracodontidae. The specimens previously identified as Eggysodon gaudryi from the early Oligocene of Moissac, France, should be assigned to Allacerops due to the presence of all three incisors and a large canine, and “Allacerops” minor from the Oligocene of Tata-Gol and Ulan Ganga, Mongolia seems to be closely affiliated with Eggysodon.