An efficient solution technique for fractional integro-differential equations modeling chemical phenomena
摘要
Fractional integro-differential equations serve as powerful mathematical tools that model complex real-world phenomena with memory effects and non-local dependencies, providing superior accuracy over traditional integer-order models across diverse fields, including physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and finance. In this work, we propose an efficient numerical method for approximating the solution of second-order fractional integro-differential equations. The approach reformulates the original problem into a real-valued functional using the least-squares technique. Minimizing this functional then yields the numerical solution to the considered problem. We assess the accuracy of the proposed method by applying it to several benchmark test problems and comparing the results with those of existing techniques, including the Haar wavelet method, the fractional iteration method, the