<p>We report the development of a reactive sputtering process for high <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_\textrm{c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mtext>c</mtext> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> NbN films with high normal-state resistivity, tailored for kinetic inductance parametric amplifiers. The process includes precise control to ensure full nitridation of the target prior to deposition. Under optimised conditions, the resulting NbN thin films exhibit a critical temperature of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(10.5\,\textrm{K}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>10.5</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>K</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and a resistivity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim 1000\,\mathrm {\mu \Omega \,cm}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>1000</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">cm</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The high <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T_\textrm{c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mtext>c</mtext> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the NbN thin films suggests strong potential for application over the entire millimetre-wave frequency range from 24 to <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(300\,\textrm{GHz}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>300</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>GHz</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, whereas the high resistivity suggests a reduced power requirement for the pump tone to achieve high gain. Resonator parametric amplifiers have been fabricated from these films using coplanar waveguide geometry. The devices were able to produce high gain exceeding <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(20\,\textrm{dB}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>20</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>dB</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(25\,\textrm{GHz}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>25</mn> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mtext>GHz</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with artefact-free, reproducible amplification profiles in good agreement with theoretical models.</p>

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Superconducting NbN Resonator Parametric Amplifiers for Millimetre Wavelengths

  • Songyuan Zhao,
  • S. Withington,
  • C. N. Thomas

摘要

We report the development of a reactive sputtering process for high \(T_\textrm{c}\) T c NbN films with high normal-state resistivity, tailored for kinetic inductance parametric amplifiers. The process includes precise control to ensure full nitridation of the target prior to deposition. Under optimised conditions, the resulting NbN thin films exhibit a critical temperature of \(10.5\,\textrm{K}\) 10.5 K and a resistivity of \(\sim 1000\,\mathrm {\mu \Omega \,cm}\) 1000 μ Ω cm . The high \(T_\textrm{c}\) T c of the NbN thin films suggests strong potential for application over the entire millimetre-wave frequency range from 24 to \(300\,\textrm{GHz}\) 300 GHz , whereas the high resistivity suggests a reduced power requirement for the pump tone to achieve high gain. Resonator parametric amplifiers have been fabricated from these films using coplanar waveguide geometry. The devices were able to produce high gain exceeding \(20\,\textrm{dB}\) 20 dB at \(25\,\textrm{GHz}\) 25 GHz , with artefact-free, reproducible amplification profiles in good agreement with theoretical models.