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<p>Insect parasitism is the result of a sequence of directed searching behaviors by parasitoids from host detection and location to host acceptance and host suitability. Understanding parasitoid foraging strategies is essential for assessing their effectiveness in biological control. <i>Dryinus sinicus</i> (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is a major nymphal parasitoid of spotted lanternfly, <i>Lycorma delicatula</i> (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), in its native range in East Asia. As part of the evaluation of this parasitoid as a candidate biological control agent to help manage invasive populations of <i>L. delicatula</i> in the United States, we quantified the foraging behaviors of <i>D. sinicus</i> toward different instars (1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars) of <i>L. delicatula</i> nymphs that are susceptible to attack by <i>D. sinicus.</i> A behavioral catalogue was developed, and behavioral events were recorded with BORIS software. The temporal patterns of behaviors were analyzed and examined by constructing behavioral flow diagrams. Results showed that <i>D. sinicus</i> could attack all three instars of <i>L. delicatula</i> nymphs; attack&#xa0;on the 1st instars led more frequently to host feeding, attack&#xa0;on the 2nd instars more frequently led to successful oviposition, while attack on the 3rd instars resulted in lower successful rates of both oviposition and host-feeding. These findings are discussed in regards to host stage selection by this parasitoid and the potential implications for developing efficient protocols for the rearing, study, and field release of this parasitoid against <i>L. delicatula</i>.</p>

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Foraging Behaviors by the Nymphal Parasitoid Dryinus sinicus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), A Promising Biological Control Agent for Spotted Lanternfly

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Spiro Schramm,
  • Joe M. Kaser,
  • Hannah J. Broadley,
  • Steven Sipolski,
  • Xingeng Wang

摘要

Insect parasitism is the result of a sequence of directed searching behaviors by parasitoids from host detection and location to host acceptance and host suitability. Understanding parasitoid foraging strategies is essential for assessing their effectiveness in biological control. Dryinus sinicus (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is a major nymphal parasitoid of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), in its native range in East Asia. As part of the evaluation of this parasitoid as a candidate biological control agent to help manage invasive populations of L. delicatula in the United States, we quantified the foraging behaviors of D. sinicus toward different instars (1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars) of L. delicatula nymphs that are susceptible to attack by D. sinicus. A behavioral catalogue was developed, and behavioral events were recorded with BORIS software. The temporal patterns of behaviors were analyzed and examined by constructing behavioral flow diagrams. Results showed that D. sinicus could attack all three instars of L. delicatula nymphs; attack on the 1st instars led more frequently to host feeding, attack on the 2nd instars more frequently led to successful oviposition, while attack on the 3rd instars resulted in lower successful rates of both oviposition and host-feeding. These findings are discussed in regards to host stage selection by this parasitoid and the potential implications for developing efficient protocols for the rearing, study, and field release of this parasitoid against L. delicatula.