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<p>In this paper, PVA/PVP/PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite films were successfully fabricated using the solution casting technique, and their structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties were investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂ with an average crystallite size of 14.53&#xa0;nm and showed that increasing TiO₂ content progressively reduced the crystallinity (Xc) of the PVA/PVP/PANI matrix from 26.37 to 17.35%, indicating an enhanced amorphous character. FT-IR spectra exhibited noticeable peak shifts and intensity variations, suggesting interactions between TiO₂ nanoparticles and polymer functional groups. UV–Vis measurements revealed that TiO₂ incorporation increased absorbance, reduced transmittance (from 45.31 to 10.95% at 500&#xa0;nm), and induced a red shift in the absorption edge. Both direct and indirect optical band gaps decreased from 5.21 to 3.96&#xa0;eV and from 4.69 to 3.34&#xa0;eV, respectively. The refractive index increased systematically with TiO₂ loading, reaching a maximum value of 3.32 at 250&#xa0;nm for the 4.5 wt% TiO₂ film. Dielectric analysis showed enhanced ε′, ε″, and tan δ values at low frequencies, attributed to Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the DC conductivity increased by nearly three orders of magnitude, from 1.36 × 10⁻¹² to 6.54 × 10⁻¹⁰ S/cm, with increasing TiO₂ content. These results demonstrate that TiO₂ loading effectively influences the physicochemical behavior of the prepared nanocomposites.</p>

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Titanium Dioxide-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Films with Tunable Optical and Dielectric Properties for Optoelectronic Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Ali A. Alhazime

摘要

In this paper, PVA/PVP/PANI–TiO₂ nanocomposite films were successfully fabricated using the solution casting technique, and their structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties were investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂ with an average crystallite size of 14.53 nm and showed that increasing TiO₂ content progressively reduced the crystallinity (Xc) of the PVA/PVP/PANI matrix from 26.37 to 17.35%, indicating an enhanced amorphous character. FT-IR spectra exhibited noticeable peak shifts and intensity variations, suggesting interactions between TiO₂ nanoparticles and polymer functional groups. UV–Vis measurements revealed that TiO₂ incorporation increased absorbance, reduced transmittance (from 45.31 to 10.95% at 500 nm), and induced a red shift in the absorption edge. Both direct and indirect optical band gaps decreased from 5.21 to 3.96 eV and from 4.69 to 3.34 eV, respectively. The refractive index increased systematically with TiO₂ loading, reaching a maximum value of 3.32 at 250 nm for the 4.5 wt% TiO₂ film. Dielectric analysis showed enhanced ε′, ε″, and tan δ values at low frequencies, attributed to Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization. Furthermore, the DC conductivity increased by nearly three orders of magnitude, from 1.36 × 10⁻¹² to 6.54 × 10⁻¹⁰ S/cm, with increasing TiO₂ content. These results demonstrate that TiO₂ loading effectively influences the physicochemical behavior of the prepared nanocomposites.